SUSAN MCINTYRE-TAMWOY HERITAGE CONSULTANT Nambucca Shire Council Aboriginal Cultural Heritage Management Plan May 2003 A report to Nambucca Shire Council by Susan McIntyre-Tamwoy, Heritage Consultant As amended by Council 26 November 2007 Adopted by Council 5 June 2008 34A Hardy St ASHBURY 2193 NSW•Tel: 0425215012•Fax: (02)97972466•[email protected] ABN 58 505 917 807 Nambucca Shire Council Aboriginal Cultural Heritage Management Plan Contents PART 1 Contents ...........................................................................................................................................i Figures.........................................................................................................................................iii Plates...........................................................................................................................................iii Tables..........................................................................................................................................iii 1.0 Introduction..............................................................................................................................2 Personnel......................................................................................................................................2 1.1 Scope of this Report...........................................................................................................2 What is an Aboriginal Cultural Heritage Management Plan? .....................................................2 Who uses the plan? ......................................................................................................................2 1.2 Methodology .............................................................................................................................4 1.2.1 Aboriginal Consultation and Participation..........................................................................4 1.2.2 Review of Existing information and historic research........................................................4 1.2.3 Field Verification Inspections.............................................................................................4 1.3 Limitations of this Study .........................................................................................................5 1.4 Report Format..........................................................................................................................6 1.5 Acknowledgements ..................................................................................................................6 2.0 Nambucca Shire Council & Aboriginal Heritage .................................................................8 2.1 Nambucca Shire Council’s Objectives...................................................................................8 2.2 Legislative framework for the conservation of heritage places and sites ...........................8 3.0 The Landscape of the Nambucca Shire Council ...................................................................9 3.1 The Size and shape of the LGA ..............................................................................................9 3.2 Landscape Units.......................................................................................................................9 3.2.1 Macleay Escarpment foothills.............................................................................................9 3.2.2 Ingalba Coastal Hills...........................................................................................................9 3.2.3 Manning Macleay Coastal Alluvial Plains .......................................................................10 3.2.4 Manning Macleay Barriers and Beaches ..........................................................................10 3.2.5 Dingo Spur Meta Sediments .............................................................................................10 3.2.6 Ebor Tops Basalt...............................................................................................................10 3.2.7 Valla Granite.....................................................................................................................10 3.2.8 Dorrigo Basalts .................................................................................................................10 3.3 Land Uses and Disturbances................................................................................................. 12 3.4 History and Ethnography......................................................................................................13 3.4.1 Aboriginal people in the Nambucca area before the arrival of Europeans.......................13 3.4.2 First contacts .....................................................................................................................14 3.4.3 Working lives....................................................................................................................24 3.4.4 Aboriginal missions and reserves .....................................................................................25 3.4.5 Recent history ...................................................................................................................32 4.0 Aboriginal Sites and Places in the Nambucca LGA ...........................................................35 4.1 Limitations of the Existing Site Inventory and Survey Base .............................................35 4.2 Archaeological Studies.....................................................................................................36 4.2.1 What do we know?............................................................................................................36 4.2.2 What don’t we know? ......................................................................................................39 Susan McIntyre-Tamwoy•34A Hardy St ASHBURY 2193 NSW•Tel: 0425215012•Fax: (02)97972466•[email protected] i Nambucca Shire Council Aboriginal Cultural Heritage Management Plan 4.3 Types of Aboriginal Sites and Places in the LGA ...............................................................40 4.3.1 pre contact archaeological sites ........................................................................................40 4.3.2 Contact or Historic Sites ...................................................................................................43 4.3.3 Places of Contemporary Social Value ..............................................................................45 4.4 Assessing Heritage Significance of Sites and Places ...........................................................46 5.0 Predicting the Location of Undetected Sites and Places.....................................................50 5.1 Predictive Site Location Statements.....................................................................................50 5.2 Testing Predictions.................................................................................................................51 5.2.1 Results of field tests.........................................................................................................53 6.0 Evaluation of Council’s Environmental Planning Instruments ........................................55 6.1 Nambucca Shire Council’s LEP ...........................................................................................55 6.1.1 Rural Lands.......................................................................................................................55 6.1.2 Suggested amendments to the LEP..................................................................................57 6.1.3 General considerations which apply to Developments in Rural and environmental zones. ....................................................................................................................................................59 6.1.4 LEP Schedules .................................................................................................................62 6.2 Nambucca Shire Council’s Aboriginal Sites Planning Guideline no. 12 ..........................64 6.2.1 Suggested amendments to the Guideline ..........................................................................64 6.2.2 Integrated Developments and Aboriginal Sites ................................................................64 7.0 Working together...................................................................................................................66 7.1 Identifying heritage stakeholders .........................................................................................66 7.2 How can Council work with Aboriginal communities and stakeholders to achieve heritage outcomes.........................................................................................................................66 7.2.1 Developing a Heritage Policy and Strategies for Nambucca Shire Council.....................66 7.2.1.1 Implementation Strategies .............................................................................................67 7.2.2 The role of Aboriginal Land Councils..............................................................................70 7.2.3 The role of the Aboriginal Community Advisory Committee..........................................71 7.2.4 Initiatives: working as a community.................................................................................71 7.5 Performance indicators for measuring