فصلٌبهِ علویپضٍّطی، آهَسش ه حیطسیست ٍ تَسعِ پبیذار Quarterly Journal of Environmental Education and Sustainable Development ؾبَ قكٓ، قٕبضٜ چٟبضْ، سبثؿشبٖ Vol. 6, No. 4, Summer 2018 (103-120) )103-120( 1397 Larestan ̅b-Anb ̅rs: A Fine Congruity between Sustainable Architecture and Sustainable Tourism * Lida Mavadat1, Javad Mousavi Dalini2 1. Assistant Professor of History, Department of History, Shahid Chamran University, Ahvaz, Iran 2. Assistant Professor of History, Department of History, Shiraz University, Shiraz, Iran ( Received:05/04/2018 Accepted:22/07/2018) آب اﻧﺒﺎرﻫﺎي ﻻرﺳﺘﺎن؛ ﻫﻤﺴﻮﯾﯽ ﻣﻌﻤﺎريﭘﺎﯾﺪار و ﮔﺮدﺷﮕﺮيﭘﺎﯾﺪار *لیذا هَدت1، جَاد هػََی دالیٌی2 1. اﺳﺘﺎدﯾﺎر ﮔﺮوه ﺗﺎرﯾﺦ داﻧﺸﮕﺎه ﺷﻬﯿﺪ ﭼﻤﺮان اﻫﻮاز 2. اﺳﺘﺎدﯾﺎر ﮔﺮوه ﺗﺎرﯾﺦ داﻧﺸﮕﺎه ﺷﯿﺮاز )دسیافت: 62/62/1337 پزیشؽ:1337/65/64( چكیذُ: :Abstract The predecessors were very careful in dealing with the د٥ك٥ٙ٥بٖ ثطا٢ ضفـ ٥٘بظٞب٢ ذٛز زض ثطذٛضز ثب ٔح٥ظ ظؿ٤زثؿع٥بض آٌبٞب ٘عenvironment when trying to meet their needs. Without ٝ ا٘س فُٕ ٚ وطزٜثسٖٚ ِغٕٝ ثٝ ٔح٥ظ ظؿ٤عز اظ وٕشعط٤ٗ أىب٘عبر ثٟ شعط٤ٗ inflicting any harm on the environment, they utilized best out of the least possible in the environment. In the past, the اؾشفبزٜ ضا ٕٛ٘ز٘س ٚ زض دبؾر٣٤ٍٛ ثٝ ٥٘بظٞب٢ ذٛز زؾز ثٝ وبضٞب٢ ذﻻلبarchitecture practiced in Iran made use of all that the ٝ٘ ا٘س. ظزٜزض ٌصقشٝ ٔقٕبض٢ ا٤طاٖ اظ سٕب٣ٔ أىب٘بر ٔحع٥ظ ٚ الّع٥ٓ د٥طأع surrounding environment and climate capacities. In doing ٖٛ so, architecture never weak or wreck the structure and the ثٟطٜ ٣ٔثطز. زض ا٤ٗ ثٟطٜٚض٢ ٝ٘عج٥قز سٟٙب ٔحع٥ظ ضا سضعق٥ف ٚ سرط٤عت nature of environment, but its purpose was to consolidate ٣ٕ٘وطز، ثّىٞ ٝسفف سحى٥ٓ عج٥قز د٥طاٖٛٔ ثٛز. ٕٞچ٥ٙٗ قٙبذز سعٛاٖ - the surrounding environment. Being acquainted with the natural, economic, social, and other capacities of a region ٞ ب ٢ ع ج ٥ ق ع ٣ ، ا ل ش ه ع ب ز ٢ ، ا خ ش ٕ ع ب ف ٣ ٚ غ ٥ ع ط ٜ ز ض ٞ ع ط ٔ ٙ غ م ع ٝ ث ع ٝ ث ط ٘ ب ٔ ع ٝ ض٤عع enables the tourism planner to come up with a sustainable ٌطزقٍط٢ ا٤ٗ أىبٖ ضا ٣ٔزٞس سب ثطاؾبٚ ؼضـ ٛٔخٛز ٚ سٛاٖٞب٢ ٙٔغمtourism development for the region based on its current ،ٝ status and potential. This paper was an attempt to study سؾٛقٝ دب٤ساض ٌطزقٍط٢ آٖ ضا قٙبؾب٣٤ وٙس. ا٤ٗ ٔمبِٝ ثب ٔغبثمز فٛأعُ Larestan‟s ̅b-Anb ̅rs and examine their potential impact ٚ انَٛ دب٤ساض٢ ثب ٔقٕبض٢ آة ا٘جبضٞب٢ ﻻضؾعشبٖ ؾعق٣ زاضز، ثعٝ قعٙبذز on the development of tourism in Larestan County by ٚ drawing a connection between the principles and elements ٔغبِقٝ زل٥ك ٚ سبث٥ط آٖ زض سؾٛقٝ ٌطزقٍط٢ ﻻضؾعشبٖ ثطؾعس. ِعصا سحم٥ عك .of sustainability with the architecture of these ̅b-Anb ̅rs ضٚ د٥فثب ضٚـ سغج٥م٣، انَٛ ٔقٕبض٢ دب٤ساض ؿٕٞ ٚبظ ثب ٔحع٥ظ ظؿ٤عز Accordingly, the present research, using a comparative ٚ research method, aimed at comparing the principles of آة ا٘جبضٞب ضا ٛٔضز ٔمبٝؿ٤ لطاض ٣ٔزٞس. ,sustainable and compatible, with the environment ٘شب٤ح ثٝ زؾز آٔسٜ ا٤ٗ اؾز، وٝ آةٛٞٚا٢ ﻻضؾشبٖ زض ٤ه فطاٙ٤س سبض٤ر٣ . architecture with the structure of ̅b-Anb ̅rs The results indicated that the climate of Larestan County ثط و٥ف٥ز ؾ ٚبذز آةا٘جبضٞب سبث٥ط ظ٤طثٙب٣٤ زاقشٝ اؾز. زض ؾبذز ٚ اؾشفبزhad an underlying influence through a historical process on ٜ اظ آةا٘جبضٞب٢ ثٝ انَٛ ٔقٕبض٢ دب٤ساض اظ لج٥ُ حفؼ ا٘عطغ٢، ٕٞعب٣ٍٙٞ ثعب the quality and construction of ̅b-Anb ̅rs. Both in the ̅ ال٥ّٓ، وبٞف اؾشفبزٜ اظ ٙٔبثـ ٚ ٔهبِح خس٤عس، ثعطآٚضزٖ ٥٘بظٞعب٢ ؾعبو ٙبٖ، construction and use of b-Anb ̅rs, special attention must have been paid to the principles of sustainable architecture ٕٞب٣ٍٙٞ ثب ٔح٥ظ ٚ ٔىبٖ ذٛز، وٌُطا٣٤ ٚ حفبؽز فضبٞب٢ ؾعىٛ٘ز زض ,such as energy conservation, climate compatibility ٔمبثُ فٛأُ خ٢ٛ سٛخٝ ث٥ؿبض ظ٤بز٢ قسٜ اؾز ٚ ثب اؾعشفبزٜ اظ ضٚـ ٞعب٢ reducing the use of new resources and materials, meeting the needs of the locals, being in harmony with the آؾبٖ ٚ ث٣ٔٛ ؾق٣ قسٜ اؾز، اظ ٞب٢دشب٥ؿُ٘ فٛأُ خ٢ٛ اؾعشفبزٜ ث٥ٟ ٙعenvironment and the site of construction, holism, and the ٝ قٛز. زضا٤ٗضاؾشب آةا٘جبضٞب٢ ﻻضؾشبٖ ٕٞٝ٘ٛ٘ب٢ ٚالق٣ ؾبظٌبض٢ ثب قعطا٤ظ protection of residential areas against the atmospheric agents. Using accessible and native methods, optimal use ال٣ٕ٥ّ ؿٞشٙس. ٕٞچ٥ٙٗ ٔقٕبض٢ ا٘جبضٞبآة ٝ٘ سٟٙعب سرط٤جع٣ ضا ثعٝ ٔحع ٥ظ ,had been made of the atmospheric agents. In this regard ̅ سح٥ُٕ ٣ٕ٘وٙس، ثّىٝ ثب ٔح٥ظ ظؿ٤ز ؾبظٌبض٢ زاضز ٚ زض خٟز حفبؽعز اظ Larestan ̅ are the real examples of adaptation to the climatic conditions and factors. Far from causing any آٖ ٣ٔثبقٙس. فعﻻٜٚ ث ع ط ا ٤ ع ٗ ﻻ ض ؾ ع ش ب ٖ ث ع ب ٚ خ ع ٛ ز ز ا ض ا ث ع ٛ ز ٖ د ش ب ٘ ؿ ع ٥ ُ ٞعب damage to the environment, the architecture of these water ٚ سٛإٙ٘سٞ٢ب٢ ثبﻻ زض ثرف سٛضؿ٘ ٓؿ٤شٝ ٘شٛااؾز ثٝ خب٤ٍعبٚ ٜالقع٣ ذعٛز reservoirs is compatible with the environment and is actually devised in a fashion to protect it. زؾز ٤بثس. زض ا٤ٗ ظٝٙ٥ٔ ٔطزْ ٙٔغمٚ ٝ زِٚعز ثب٤عس حٕب٤عز ذعٛز ضا ثع طا٢ Larestan, despite its enormous potential and capabilities as ٔطٔز ٚ اؾشفبزٜ ثٝٙ٥ٟ اظ آةا٘جبضٞب نعٛضر زٙٞعس سعب ثشٛا٘ ٙعس اظ ا٤عٗ ثٙ عب٢ regards tourism, it has not yet found its true place in Iran‟s promising tourism industry. With respect to this dormant ﻣﻨﺤﺼﺮ ﺑﻪ ﻓﺮد ﺑﻬﺮه ﮐﺎﻓﯽ ﺑﺒﺮﻧﺪ. source of tourism, both the central government and people in the region should pay more attention to restoring and using these water storage facilities. واژهﻫﺎي ﮐﻠﯿﺪي: ﻣﻌﻤﺎري ﭘﺎﯾﺪار، ﮔﺮدﺷﮕﺮي ﭘﺎﯾﺪار، آباﻧﺒﺎر، ﻻرﺳﺘﺎن. Keywords: Sustainable architecture, sustainable tourism, ̅ ̅ , Larestan *Corresponding Author: [email protected] 104 Mavadat & Dalini.: Larestan ̅b-Anb ̅rs: A Fine Congruity between Sustainable Architecture … 1. STATEMENT OF THE PROBLEM to its being a clean industry and the third most dynamic, flourishing and developing Today, sustainable architecture is recognized economic phenomenon after the oil and as the most important solution in preserving automotive industry. Tourism can have energy resources, preventing environmental different impacts on the tourist hubs; the pollution, and co-existence with the natural impacts could be social, cultural, economic, and climatic conditions. The physical design and environmental. Development planners model of the architecture of hot and cold and policymakers also regard the tourism climate is a clear example of sustainable industry as the main pillar of sustainable architecture. One of the most tangible development. Given the widespread use of the reflections of the impact of climate on the term sustainable development, the term has formation and construction of buildings and been described differently. Basically, it refers the prevention of the pollution and ruination to the transformation of the relations between of environment could be seen in the artistic systems, on one hand, and social, economic designs of this vast region. Working within and natural processes and institutions, on the the parameters of sustainable architecture, other hand. each building should interact with its context The objective of the present research was to and surrounding environment. The point of ̅ ̅ overriding significance is the nature of the examine located in Larestan strategies planned for such interaction County and evaluate their designing with between the two. Our ancestors, many years regard to the established criterion and ago, found that formula via their special skill principles of sustainable architecture. in using energy and natural resources Taking into account the above concerns, this efficiently and in harmony with the climate. paper sought to reach a general understanding Nowadays, with the increasing population and of the principles of sustainable design that ̅ ̅ the lack of non-renewable energies, a governed the architecture of in combination which threatens the human life, the hot and cold climate of Larestan. In sustainable development has been proposed obtaining such understanding, the following and accepted internationally as an apt research question had to be addressed: blueprint to combat these perils. In 1) To what extent do the functioning and ̅ compliance with such plan, protecting the architecture of Larestan ̅ environment and preventing pollution, correspond with the six principles of adaptation to the climatic and natural sustainable development and architecture? conditions, and the use of renewable energy 2) What could have been the impact of should be considered in designing new Larestan County climate on the formation ̅ buildings and structures. It is, however, of ̅ ? interesting to note that the principles of 3) How much significance could be attributed sustainability seemed to be addressed more in to the sustainable architecture of Larestan ̅ our traditional architecture, shaped according ̅ in the development of to the exigencies of its surrounding tourism in this region? environment and climate, than what is practiced today. The traditional Iranian 2. LITERATURE REVIEW architecture had unique features, including a Our review of the existing literature informed proper understanding of materials and us that there had been no independent study elements used in construction and the conducted to address the architecture of utilization of that knowledge with respect to Larestan ̅ ̅ and its relation to the the climate issues, which enabled it to achieve principles of sustainable development. There sustainable designs. were, however, some researchers who had In the present climate, tourism has attracted focused on the architecture of the Larestan the attention of a great number of countries reservoirs without trying to establish a across the world. Its fascination is partly due Quarterly Journal of Environmental Education and Sustainable Development (Vol. 6, No. 4, Summer 2018) 105 connection, if there would be any, between and, in particular, sustainable urban their architecture and the established criterion development. These factors include the of sustainable development.