University of Redlands Geomapping the Pele-Pillan Region of Jupiter’s Moon Io Using Photopolarimeter-Radiometer Data A Major Individual Project submitted in partial satisfaction of the requirements for the degree of Master of Science in Geographic Information Systems by Joyce Marie Hogan Fang Ren, Ph.D., Committee Chair Mark Kumler, Ph.D. September 2009 Geomapping the Pele-Pillan Region of Jupiter’s Moon Io Using Photopolarimeter-Radiometer Data Copyright © 2009 by Joyce Marie Hogan Acknowledgements I would like to thank James, my mom, and grandpa for their tremendous support. Special thanks go to Dr. Fang Ren – I feel so lucky to have had her as an advisor. Her guidance, expertise, and kind words helped me in completing this major project. I would also like to thank Dr. Mark Kumler for his interest in my project and his great attention to detail. Much appreciation goes to Nathan Strout at the Redlands Institute and fellow cohort member, Sean Pack, for their assistance during critical stages of this project. For their time and technical knowledge of VB.NET programming, I cannot thank them enough. Thank you to Dr. Julie Rathbun, who provided me with an “out-of-this-world” project in which to develop my programming skills. Thanks also go to Serene Ong at the Redlands Institute for her GIS knowledge and insight. I would like to additionally thank Debra Riley, Program Coordinator, for her words of encouragement and for keeping everyone organized. I also want to thank Ruben Ortiz, Brandon Davis, and John Laska for their excellent IT support. To Cohort 14 – I can’t imagine a better group of people to have shared this experience with. The MS GIS faculty and my fellow cohort members have made this a very rewarding, fun, and intense year of learning. Thank you all! I dedicate this MIP in loving memory to my dad. v Abstract Geomapping the Pele-Pillan Region of Jupiter’s Moon Io Using Photopolarimeter-Radiometer Data by Joyce Marie Hogan The Pele-Pillan region of Jupiter’s moon Io is an area of high volcanic activity. The active lava lake Pele and the characteristic fire fountain and turbulent flows of Pillan produce some of the highest thermal outputs for this moon. Planetary scientists do not currently have a means of efficiently processing the surface temperature data captured of this region for incorporation into a geographic information system (GIS). A GIS of the Photopolarimeter-Radiometer (PPR) surface temperature data, that was captured in the late 1990s and the early part of this decade by the Galileo spacecraft, can aid in the visualization and analysis of volcanic activity on Jupiter’s moon Io. Current PPR data processing techniques required enhancement and an automated workflow was needed in order to create a complete GIS for Io by the United States Geological Survey deadline of July 2011. This paper focuses on the development of a prototype ArcGIS toolkit for processing PPR data of Io’s highly active Pele-Pillan region. The toolkit uses Visual Basic and ArcObjects programming components to: 1) create features in ArcGIS, representing temperature scans of Io’s surface, and 2) generate new color-coded, temperature-specific symbology for these features. vii Table of Contents Chapter 1 – Introduction ..................................................................................................... 1 1.1 Client ........................................................................................................................................................ 2 1.2 Problem Statement ............................................................................................................................ 2 1.3 Proposed Solution .............................................................................................................................. 3 1.3.1 Goals and Objectives .................................................................................................................... 3 1.3.2 Scope ................................................................................................................................................... 3 1.3.3 Methods ............................................................................................................................................. 4 1.4 Audience ................................................................................................................................................. 5 1.5 Overview of the Rest of this Report ............................................................................................ 5 Chapter 2 – Background and Literature Review ........................................................ 7 2.1 Planetary Science and Geologic Interest in Io ......................................................................... 7 2.2 Galileo to Galileo ................................................................................................................................. 8 2.2.1 Observations of Galileo Galilei ................................................................................................. 8 2.2.2 Voyager Mission ............................................................................................................................. 8 2.2.3 Galileo Mission ................................................................................................................................ 9 2.2.4 Cassini Mission ............................................................................................................................. 11 2.3 Mapping Io ........................................................................................................................................... 11 2.4 Summary .............................................................................................................................................. 12 Chapter 3 – Systems Analysis and Design ................................................................... 15 3.1 Problem Statement .......................................................................................................................... 15 3.2 Requirements Analysis ................................................................................................................... 15 3.2.1 Functional Requirements ......................................................................................................... 15 3.2.2 Non-Functional Requirements ............................................................................................... 17 3.3 System Design .................................................................................................................................... 19 3.4 Project Plan ......................................................................................................................................... 20 3.5 Summary .............................................................................................................................................. 22 Chapter 4 – Database Design ........................................................................................... 23 4.1 Conceptual Data Model................................................................................................................... 23 4.2 Logical Data Model ........................................................................................................................... 25 4.3 Data Sources ....................................................................................................................................... 28 4.4 Data Scrubbing and Loading ........................................................................................................ 32 4.5 Summary .............................................................................................................................................. 35 Chapter 5 – Implementation ............................................................................................ 37 5.1 Transformation of Coordinate Points into IFOV Ellipses ................................................. 37 5.1.1 Coordinate System Conversion ............................................................................................. 40 5.1.2 Photopolarimeter-Radiometer Instantaneous Field of View .................................... 40 5.1.3 Radius of Io .................................................................................................................................... 41 ix 5.1.4 Semi Minor Axis ........................................................................................................................... 41 5.1.5 Semi Major Axis............................................................................................................................ 43 5.1.6 Minor-major Ratio ...................................................................................................................... 44 5.1.7 Rotation Angle .............................................................................................................................. 45 5.1.8 Summary of IFOV Ellipse Parameters................................................................................. 45 5.2 Custom ArcGIS Tools ....................................................................................................................... 48 5.2.1 Feature Creation .......................................................................................................................... 48 5.2.2 Temperature-specific Symbology .......................................................................................