Appendix of Drugs * • Editor's Note: This appendix includes some of the most widely used trade names but should in no way be regarded as fully comprehensive. 374 Acepromazine maleate Acepromazine maleate but causes less potentiation of (Available as NotensilR , PlegizilR ) noradrenaline. Dosage is normally 25 mg Acepromazine is a phenothiazine derivative tds but this is often increased to SO mg tds. with anxiolytic and antipsychotic activity, The commonest side effects are drowsiness having its greatest use in psychotic patients and dry mouth. Other anti-cholinergic with excitement and aggressiveness. The effects are not uncommon. Amitriptyline dose is 10-25 mg tds for neuroses; should be used cautiously in patients with 50-100 mg tds for psychoses. Side cardiovascular disorders, and it is contra­ effects resemble those of chlorpromazine indicated in glaucoma, prostatic enlarge­ (g.v.) but occur less frequently and the ment and urinary retention. Care should contra-indications are as for chlorproma­ be taken when amitriptyline is given at the zine. same time as anti-hypertensive drugs. Except in special circumstances it should Acetylcarbromal not be combined with a monoamine (AbasinR ) oxidase inhibitor, and usually it is pre­ Acetylcarbromal is a mild sedative with ferable to wait at least three weeks after less hypnotic effect than carbromal (q.v.). discontinuing a monoamine oxidase I t produces sleep of short duration and is inhibitor before starting treatment with also used as an ambulatory sedative. The amitriptyline. normal dose is 250-500 mg tds. Few side effects occur at therapeutic doses but over Amphetamine sulphate longer periods symptoms resembling Amphetamine is a sympathomimetic chronic bromide poisoning may occur. amine with central nervous system stimu­ lant and anorectic activity. It is used to Acetophenazine maleate treat mild depressive neuroses and as an (TindaIR ) adjuvant in the treatment of chronic A phenothiazine derivative with action and alcoholism. The dose is 5 to 10 mg uses as chlorpromazine (q. v.) in anxiety morning and midday. Side effects include and schizophrenia. The daily dose ranges dryness of the mouth, restlessness, head­ from 40-80 mg. Its usefulness has not been ache, insomnia, irritability, dizziness, fully established. tremor and anorexia. Larger doses may give rise to fatigue, mental depression, an Amiphenazole hydrochloride increase in BP, fever, cardiovascular (DaptazoleR ) reactions, cyanosis and respiratory failure, Amiphenazole is an analeptic with an disorientation, hallucinations, convulsions, action similar to leptazol (q.v.) but less and coma. Continued use of amphetamine potent. I t is used in respiratory depression sulphate may cause addiction in some or failure and where large doses of mor­ patients. It is contra-indicated in cardio­ phine are necessary: Dosage is 15-20 mg vascular disease and thyrotoxicosis, and in with each dose of morphine, intramuscu­ those patients showing anxiety, hyper­ larly, and 100-200 mg tds or qds in excitability and restlessness. respiratory insufficiency. Side effects in­ The drug should be used with caution in clude nausea, vomiting, skin rashes and patients with anorexia, insomnia and insomnia. Amiphenazole may lead to bone nephritis. Caution should be taken if marrow depression following long term amphetamine is used concurrently with usage. monoamine oxidase inhibitors. Due to the liability of abuse the use of amphetamine Amitriptyline hydrochloride is no longer recommended. (LaroxyIR, LentizolR and SarotenR , TryptizolR; also a constituent of combina­ Amylobarbitone tions with various tranquillizers) (AmytaIR) Amitriptyline is a dibenzocycloheptadiene Amylobarbitone is an intermediate-acting derivative with potent anti-depressant barbiturate. It is used as a sedative and activity and mild anxiolytic properties. It hypnotic. The sedative dose is 15-50 is used in all forms of depression. It has mg bd or tds and 100-300 mg as a hypnotic. stronger anti-cholinergic and anti­ Its action, side effects and contra-indica­ histaminic ~.ctions than imipramine (q.v.), tions are as for barbiturates (q.v.) generally. Benzguinamide 375 Amylobarbitone sodium otherwise its properties are the same. (Sodium AmytalR ) Dose: 300 to 600 mg nocte. Being more speedily absorbed, amylo­ barbitone sodium provides a quicker Bemegride hypnotic action, otherwise its properties (MegimideR ) are the same as amylobarbitone (q.v.). An analeptic drug with a similar, but Hypnotic dose 100 to 200 mg nocte. longer, action to leptazol (q.v.) and nike­ I ts action, side effects and contra-indica­ thamide (g.v.), but less potent than tions are as for barbiturates (q.\".) generally. picrotoxin (q.y.). In use 10 ml of injection solution (50 mg of bemegride) are injected Anisoperidone every three to five minutes until the desired Anisoperidone is a butyrophenone result is obtained, or until a total dose of derivative used as a tranguillizer. It is less 1 g is reached. effective than haloperidol in schizophrenia, Toxic effects include retching, \·omiting, but greater anxiolytic activity than chlor­ muscular twitching and hypotension. promazine (q.v.) has been reported. Dose: 5 to 20 mg daily. Side effects include lack Benactyzine hydrochloride of drive, mild catatonia, nausea, vomiting (Formerly marketed as CafronR , and Parkinsonism. The place of this CevonoJlt, Lucidillt, NutinalR , SuavitilR , substance in clinical therapeutics has not and as an ingredient of Deprol R, Procalm R, yet been established. StoikonR) A diphenylmethane derivative with actions Apomorphine hydrochloride similar to meprobomate (g.v.). Used as a Apomorphine at a dose of 2-8 mg sub­ tranquillizer but now in disfavour owing to cutaneously is used as an emetic in the the number of side effects. Dosage 3-5 mg treatment of non-corrosive poisoning and tds. for aversion therapy in alcoholism. At 2 mg it has sedative and hypnotic effects. Benanserin Adverse reactions include hypotension, An indole derivative, benanserin has tachycardia and hypoventilation. It is psychotropic properties. The place of this contra-indicated in patients in shock or substance in clinical therapeutics has not deep narcosis. yet been established. Azocyclonol hydrochloride Benzoctarnine hydrochloride (Formerly available as Frenquel) (TacitinR) Azocyclonol is a neuroleptic found effective Benzoctamine is an anthracene derivative mainly in the treatment of acute schizo­ with anxiolytic and muscle relaxant phrenia. The dose of 20 to 100 mg tds properties. It is used in anxiety and tension produces few side effects, no sedation in dosages between 10 and 20 mg tds. Side results but skin rashes may occur. effects include lassitude, hypotension, impaired vision, sweating, gastrointestinal upsets and tachycardia. Barbitone (HypnogenR , formerly VeronalR ) Benzperidol Barbitone is one of the long-acting group (Synonym: benzperidol) of barbiturates, but is slow in producing (AnquiIR, FrenactylR, GlianimonR ) hypnosis. Although one of the least toxic A butyrophenone derivative reputed to be of the barbiturates, an intermediate or particularly effective in schizophrenia in short-acting barbiturate is preferred as a agitated geriatric patients and in the hypnotic. Normal dose is 300 to 600 mg. control of deviant and anti-social be­ As barbitone is excreted slowly its cumula­ haviour. The recommended daily dose is tion is a problem. 0·25-1·5 mg. Side effects are typical of the butyrophenones. Barbitone sodium (Previously available as MedinalR ) Benzquinamide Barbitone sodium produces hypnosis (QuantriIR; QuantrilR in the UK is a rather quicker than barbitone (g.v.), brand of caffeine citrate) 376 Bromazepam Benzquinamide is a weak tranquilii2;er used Butobarbitone in the treatment of anxiety and tension. (SoneryIR) The dose varies from 0·3 to 1 g daily and Butobarbitone is a member of the inter­ side effects include extrapyramidal effects, mediate acting barbiturates and used headache, vomiting, and dizziness. mainly as a hypnotic in insomnia, nervous or mental excitement and anxiety states. Bromazepam Dose: 100~200 mg. Side effects are those (LexomiIR , LexotanR , LexotaneR , Lexo­ normally associated with barbiturates (q.v .). tanillt) Bromazepam is a new member of the Butriptyline hydrochloride benzodiazepine group. It resembles (EvadyneR ) diazepam (q.v.) in clinical effects, par­ Butriptyline is a moderately sedative tri­ ticularly as an antianxiety agent at a cyclic antidepressant used in patients with daily dose of 4· 5~9 mg. Its side effects are depression associated with anxiety. The also similar to those of diazepam. daily dosage is between 75 and 150 mg/ day. Anticholinergic side effects are Bromocriptine present. A dopamine agonist which increases the production of prolactin inhibitory factor Butyrylperazine in the hypothalamus. A recent study sug­ SEE Butaperazine. gests that bromocriptine may have a part to play in the treatment of certain cases of Captodiame hydrochloride mania. (Formerly marketed in the United King­ dom as CovantinR, CovatixR) Bromvaletone (Marketed in USA as SuvrenR) (BromuraIH ) Captodiame hydrochloride has sedative Bromvaletone is chemically related to and anti-spasmodic properties and carbromal. It is a mild, rapidly acting has been used for the relief of tension, hypnotic with moderately short length of agitation and anxiety in minor neuroses action. It has low toxicity but the habitua­ and psychosomatic disorders. Dose: tion liability is similar to that of carbromal 50~100 mg tds. It is contra-indicated