Appendix 17 Non-Indigenous Cultural Heritage Assessments Environmental Impact Statement TABLE OF CONTENTS FINAL NON-INDIGENOUS CULTURAL HERITAGE REPORT: Proposed KUR-World Integrated Eco-Resort Prepared for Sustainable Solutions Global Pty Ltd August 2017 By Dr Justine Thorp, Heritage Consultant, Cairns TABLE OF CONTENTS List of Tables ................................................................................................ 5 List of Illustrations ....................................................................................... 5 ABBREVIATIONS .......................................................................................... 7 TABLES OF MEASUREMENTS ....................................................................... 7 1.0 EXECUTIVE SUMMARY ........................................................................... 8 2.0 INTRODUCTION ................................................................................... 11 2.1 Scope of Study ......................................................................................................................................... 11 2.2 Study Area ............................................................................................................................................... 11 2.3 Limitations and constraints ..................................................................................................................... 11 2.4 Authorship ............................................................................................................................................... 11 3.0 APPROACH TO STUDY .......................................................................... 12 3.1 Methodology ........................................................................................................................................... 12 3.2 Determining Cultural Heritage ................................................................................................................ 12 3.2.1 The Burra Charter Guidelines ........................................................................................................... 12 3.2.2 Queensland Heritage Act 1992 (2008) Criteria ................................................................................ 13 3.2.2.1 Establishing Heritage Boundaries .............................................................................................. 13 3.2.3 Local Heritage Registers ................................................................................................................... 14 3.3 Legislation Applicable to Cultural Heritage ............................................................................................. 14 3.3.1 National Legislation .......................................................................................................................... 14 3.3.2 State Legislation ............................................................................................................................... 15 3.3.3 Local Legislation ................................................................................................................................ 15 3.3.4 The (former) Register of the National Estate ................................................................................... 15 3.3.5 The Register of the National Trust of Australia (Qld) ....................................................................... 15 3.4 Nature of Cultural Heritage ..................................................................................................................... 15 3.4.1 Character .......................................................................................................................................... 16 4.0 HISTORICAL CONTEXT .......................................................................... 17 4.1 Organisation of this section ..................................................................................................................... 17 1 Dr Justine Thorp Heritage Consultant Final Non-Indigenous Cultural Heritage Report August 2017 4.2 Introduction ............................................................................................................................................. 17 4.2.1 Historical legislation that has influenced the development of Queensland .................................... 18 4.3 Economic, infrastructure and settlement patterns that have influenced the history of the Atherton Tableland ....................................................................................................................................................... 20 4.3.1 The discovery of the Atherton Tablelands: John Atherton and Pastoralism .................................... 20 4.3.2 Transportation on the Atherton Tablelands: tracks, roads and rail ................................................. 21 4.3.2.1 Tracks and Roads ....................................................................................................................... 21 4.3.2.1.1 Cobb & Co. .......................................................................................................................... 21 4.3.2.1.2 Mareeba: transport hub for the northern Tablelands ....................................................... 22 4.3.2.2 The Cairns to Herberton Railway ............................................................................................... 23 4.3.3 The Timber Industry ......................................................................................................................... 24 4.3.3.1 Conservation of the Rainforest and Wet Tropics Listing ........................................................... 25 4.3.3.2 Impacts of World Heritage Listing of the Region’s Rainforest .................................................. 27 4.3.4 Major Townships on the Atherton Tablelands ..................................................................................... 27 4.3.5 Patterns of Agricultural Land Use on the Atherton Tableland ............................................................. 28 4.3.5.1 Introduction ................................................................................................................................... 28 4.3.5.2 Mixed Farming ............................................................................................................................... 28 4.3.5.3 Maize ............................................................................................................................................. 29 4.3.5.4 Dairying .......................................................................................................................................... 32 4.3.5.5 Tobacco ......................................................................................................................................... 33 4.3.5.5.1 The Failure of the Tobacco Industry ....................................................................................... 34 4.3.5.5.2 Tinaroo Dam and Irrigation System: built to revive an industry ............................................ 34 4.3.5.5.3 Farming in the post-tobacco era ............................................................................................ 35 4.3.6 Conclusion ............................................................................................................................................ 36 4.4 Economic, infrastructure and settlement patterns that have influenced the history of the Kuranda and Myola areas. .................................................................................................................................................. 38 4.4.1 Introduction ...................................................................................................................................... 38 4.4.2 Timber............................................................................................................................................... 38 4.4.3 Cairns to Kuranda Railway: a premier tourism product ................................................................... 40 ................................................................................................................................................................... 41 4.4.4 Kuranda: naturalists delight, honeymooners’ paradise and ‘Sanatorium of the North’ .................. 41 4.4.6 Indigenous tourism and background ................................................................................................ 43 2 Dr Justine Thorp Heritage Consultant Final Non-Indigenous Cultural Heritage Report August 2017 4.4.6.1 Mona Mona Mission .................................................................................................................. 43 4.4.7 Hippies and Alternative Lifers arrive in Kuranda .............................................................................. 44 4.4.7.1 The Kuranda Markets ................................................................................................................ 44 4.4.8 Tourism in the 1990s and beyond .................................................................................................... 45 4.4.9 Myola: Railway Camp, Township and Timber Siding ........................................................................ 45 4.4.9.1 The arrival of the Railway .......................................................................................................... 46 4.4.9.2 Cobb and Co. track ...................................................................................................................