Dictionary on Indonesian Comprehensive Security: Acronyms and Abbreviations Kamus Keamanan Komprehensif Indonesia: Akronim dan Singkatan Dr. Ingo Wandelt May 2009 2 Akronim dan Singkatan / Acronyms and Abbreviations Dictionary on Comprehensive Security in Indonesia: Acronyms and Abbreviations By: Dr. Ingo Wandelt Published by: Friedrich-Ebert-Stiftung (FES) Indonesia Offi ce Cover Design & Printing: CV Dunia Printing Selaras (d’print communication) Lay Out: Anita Pellens (Pellens Kommunikationsdesign GmbH) All rights reserved. Not for commercial use or unauthorized distribution. Jakarta, May 2009 ISBN: 978-979-95701-9-2 Akronim dan Singkatan / Acronyms and Abbreviations 3 Kamus Keamanan Komprehensif Indonesia: Akronim dan Singkatan Disusun Oleh: Dr. Ingo Wandelt Diterbitkan oleh : Friedrich-Ebert-Stiftung (FES) Indonesia Offi ce Design Sampul & Percetakan: CV Dunia Printing Selaras (d’print communication) Tata Letak: Anita Pellens (Pellens Kommunikationsdesign GmbH) Hak cipta dilindungi Undang-undang. Dilarang memperbanyak sebagian atau seluruh isi terbitan ini dalam bentuk apapun tanpa izin tertulis dari FES Indonesia. Tidak untuk diperjualbelikan. Jakarta, Mei 2009 ISBN : 978-979-95701-9-2 4 Akronim dan Singkatan / Acronyms and Abbreviations Content / Daftar Isi 7 Foreword Artanti Wardhani, Marius Müller-Hennig 9 Foreword Dr. Ingo Wandelt 12 Biographical Information on the Author Dr. Ingo Wandelt 13 About Friedrich-Ebert-Stiftung 14 Kata Pengantar Artanti Wardhani, Marius Müller-Hennig 16 Kata Pengantar Dr. Ingo Wandelt 20 Biografi Penulis Dr. Ingo Wandelt 21 Tentang Friedrich-Ebert-Stiftung 23 – 247 A–Z Akronim dan Singkatan / Acronyms and Abbreviations 5 23 A 30 B 43 C 46 D 75 E 76 F 77 G 82 H 85 I 92 J 96 K 125 L 132 M 141 N 143 O 148 P 182 R 193 S 223 T 234 U 237 V 238 W 243 Y 247 Z Akronim dan Singkatan / Acronyms and Abbreviations 7 Foreword by Artanti Wardhani and Marius Müller-Hennig, FES Indonesia Project for a dictionary of security-related terminology in Indonesia Indonesia has become the world’s third largest democracy after only one decade of Reformasi. The country is receiving continuous support in its efforts to consolidate its democratic institutions. One focus area is the reform and professionalization of the security sector. This reform is understood predominantly in terms of embedding the security sector fi rmly and sustainably in the democratic institutions of the Re- public. Beyond this pivotal issue, just as important is a democratic dialogue about security and defense policy. Indonesians need to talk about security and develop a common understanding of the security threats, challenges, and risks ahead in order to develop democratically legitimized strategies and policies to cope with them. One crucial precondition is that all those involved in this dialogue have the same lan- guage at their disposal when talking security. For a long time, dialogue on security issues has been limited to the security sector and a small circle of experts, excluding large parts of the political elite, the media, and civil society. This is partly due to the complexity and sensitivity of the issues under discussion, but it is also due to the complex technical and supposedly exclusive language of security-related termino- logy. This dictionary seeks to translate the exclusive security sector language, thus opening up the dialogue to those so far excluded. Security has two dimensions: internal and external. They are interlinked, especially in today’s globalized environment. Therefore, security dialogues have also tended to become more globalized. As described by Dr. Ingo Wandelt in his foreword to the dictionary, this dialogue is conducted predominantly in the lingua franca of security terminology, English. With this dictionary we want to facilitate the involvement of Indonesian experts, policy-makers, and the interested public in international debates 8 Akronim dan Singkatan / Acronyms and Abbreviations on national, regional, and global security. This is necessary in order to communicate best practices, negotiate and coordinate multinational security initiatives, and co- operate on the political stage as well as on the ground. One volume devoted entirely to acronyms and abbreviations? The security sector loves acronyms and abbreviations, and Indonesians love them too. This is strongly refl ected in Indonesian security terminology. There is a huge proliferation of acronyms and abbreviations, which facilitates effi cient communi- cation among experts, but complicates communication with the general public and the international community. This volume of the Indonesian–English dictionary on security-related terminology, compiled by Dr. Ingo Wandelt, presents the most frequently used Indonesian acronyms and abbreviations from the security sector. In its current form it is only provisional. The complete edition of the dictionary, which is still undergoing intensive review by a team of experts from the National Resilience Institute, Lemhanas, and other international experts, is scheduled to be published at the end of 2009. We would like to thank Dr. Ingo Wandelt for his tremendous efforts in compiling this comprehensive dictionary from a huge variety of publicly available sources over a long period of time. We would also like to thank all those who actively participated in the production of this dictionary and contributed to this joint effort. Jakarta, May 2009 Akronim dan Singkatan / Acronyms and Abbreviations 9 Foreword by Dr. Ingo Wandelt Acronyms and abbreviations are a specifi c and salient feature of modern Indonesian specialized languages, and the fi elds of security, defense, and the military are no exceptions. The observer and user of the technical languages of modern Bahasa Indonesia is inevitably confronted by masses of examples of this linguistic feature. Acronyms and abbreviations are often indispensable and of high practical value, however, rather than a burden. They allow the shortening of often long designations of processes, names, and technical terms into manageable combinations of syllables. I would even go as far as to argue that a term is not fully “Indonesian” until it has an acronymic abbreviation. This volume of modern security-related terminology in Indonesia is specifi cally reserved for this linguistic phenomenon that current Indo- nesian security and military discourse cannot do without. Specialized and technical terminologies of modern Bahasa Indonesia have long been infl uenced by global language developments. The end of the Cold War in particular saw the rise of the Anglo-American model of military and security standards into a global role model, further consolidating English as the dominant medium for global security and military discourse. Indonesian military and security terminologies have been affected by this. Newly-developed technical terms and terminologies of the English-speaking military world entered the Indonesian military (ABRI), and have even more shaped the recent era of military and security sector reform in particular. Many an item borrowed from English has been Indonesianized, and over time has also acquired an acronymic equivalent. The reforms of the military (TNI) accele- rated language change, as new demands for professionalization and adaption to foreign standards entered the military world. The Indonesian language, however, will remain the dominant medium of communication of the Indonesian security sector and in Indonesian society and will not be replaced by English. Nevertheless, it will have to accept many more foreign terms and somehow integrate them into its vocabulary. Military and security English will only increase in importance. 10 Akronim dan Singkatan / Acronyms and Abbreviations To complicate matters further, there is no single or unifi ed military English. On the contrary, this language variant is quite diverse and irregular, as it has developed from many armies with unique traditions that only happen to share a common language. While Europe possesses a somewhat unifi ed “NATO English,” Indonesia has to handle many country- and army-specifi c types of military English. The fi rst draft of this volume contained German-language items, which in the end were left out. They are of limited relevance for Indonesian users. They were, however, indispensable for me to work on appropriate equivalents for Indonesian terms, as well as to bridge the German–English language divide. Yet, it is planned to include the German language items in the fi nal complete edition of the dictionary which will also provide more in-depth explanations of Indonesian terms. Military German is almost as far from military English as it is from military Indonesian. The Indonesian military variant to me seems much closer specifi cally to US American military language, which can be explained by the fact that early ABRI terminology drew heavily on US Army Field Manuals from the early 1960s onwards. English has had less of an in- fl uence on German military language, with its century-old linguistic tradition, but English will certainly have a profound effect on Indonesian military and security language development in the future. Their military language tradition is still rela- tively young, looking back on only three generations of speakers. Linguistic change involves more than just adapting to arising communicative needs. It implies a change in the use of language and communication and their traditions. It affects the community of speakers. Ongoing global processes of military and securi- ty transformation will transform