University of Montana ScholarWorks at University of Montana Graduate Student Theses, Dissertations, & Professional Papers Graduate School 1932 Construction of a textbook in mechanical drawing based upon the principles of learning John Franklin Bartlett The University of Montana Follow this and additional works at: https://scholarworks.umt.edu/etd Let us know how access to this document benefits ou.y Recommended Citation Bartlett, John Franklin, "Construction of a textbook in mechanical drawing based upon the principles of learning" (1932). Graduate Student Theses, Dissertations, & Professional Papers. 6439. https://scholarworks.umt.edu/etd/6439 This Thesis is brought to you for free and open access by the Graduate School at ScholarWorks at University of Montana. It has been accepted for inclusion in Graduate Student Theses, Dissertations, & Professional Papers by an authorized administrator of ScholarWorks at University of Montana. For more information, please contact [email protected]. Î'HS COXSTKtTCTICN CF A TEXT ECOK IN IXlCHAÎÎICAL DRAWING BASED ürON TEE PKIECIPXES CF imBNING by Presented In partial fulfillment of the requirement for the degree of i^iaster of Arts state University of Montana 1932 Approveds vkairman o^ Examining Committee l ÿ - 4 X X ckairmanT oi^ Graduate Corami iie <T Reproduced with permission of the copyright owner. Further reproduction prohibited without permission. UMI Number: EP37240 All rights reserved INFORMATION TO ALL USERS The quality of this reproduction is dependent upon the quality of the copy submitted. In the unlikely event that the author did not send a complete manuscript and there are missing pages, these will be noted. Also, if material had to be removed. a note will indicate the deletion. UMT OisMTtation PUbliahmg UMI EP37240 Published by ProQuesl LLC (2013). Copyright in the Dissertation held by the Author. Microform Edition © ProQuest LLC. All rights reserved. This work is protected against unauthorized copying under Title 17, United States Code ProQuesf ProQuest LLC. 789 East Eisenhower Parkway P.O. Box 1346 Ann Arbor, Ml 48106 - 1346 Reproduced with permission of the copyright owner. Further reproduction prohibited without permission. Note This copy is incomplete in that it con­ tains no illustrations nor plates for the drawings. Refer to the library for complete copy. Reproduced with permission of the copyright owner. Further reproduction prohibited without permission. TABLE OF COKTENTS Page Prefaoe ....... 1 Reasons for making the study - prooeduzre followed. Introduction ............... Ill Criteria of a good text hook - the rating of meohanloal drawing texts, annotated biblio­ graphy of texts examined, procedure for rat­ ing, table of text ratings, conclusions drawn from the table. Foundational Text Book In ^^eohanloal Drawing ...••• 1 Table of Contents - table of Illustrations - list of plates - table of purposes - preface. Chapter I Division of General Instructions ...... 8 General Instructions - tools and materials required - use of Instruments - sharpening the pencil - making the border lines - posi­ tion of views - spacing of views. Chapter II Division of Pencil Drawing ....... 28 Plates one through ten - table of standard sizes of key seats - table of standard threads. Chapter III Division of Inking ................ 75 Inking - use of pen - suggestions on Inking - Inking the plates - use of Instruments - order of Inking. Chapter IV Division of Dimensioning ..... 95 Dimensioning objectives - general dlreotlons- dlmenslonlng plates one through ten - Inking In the dimensions. Chapter V Division of Lettering ............ 116 Lettering - study of letter shapes - study of letter spacing - sapee between words and sen­ tences - width of letters - lettering exer­ cises - lettering the plates. Reproduced with permission of the copyright owner. Further reproduction prohibited without permission. lag* Cbaptar VI PlTlsion of ÂdTaneed %ork ..# *###.,,,*. IZZ Plato 11 - Plato 12 • to uao a proportional Boale *• plato 13 - to make a traein^ - plate 14 «• to make blueprints ^ dlmenalona for 6#A.g. oastle nuts* . Chapter VII DlTlsion of Testing ...#,.*,..,..*,..* * 149 True»false statements - true*falso marking table# Reproduced with permission of the copyright owner. Further reproduction prohibited without permission. Prefao® It would aeem that tho field of text books for zaeoh- anioal drawing had been amply eorered by the many books of-* fared on this aubjeot. Yet during ten years of expsrlenoa In the teaching of this subject the author has not seen one that presented material in a psychological order and made use of sound principles of learning. The material has been presented chiefly In an order such as a draftsman would use In making a drawing or In an order of progression of prob­ lem difficulty or as a reference book wherein one may find material for the making of a drawing. It is doubtful wheth­ er any of these texts prepared by these methods would stand a scientific analysis. They lack the application of the principles of learning which the modern conception of educa­ tional efficiency demands. This belief has urged the au­ thor to make a study of the two-fold problem* namelys (1) The analysis of existing texts. {2) The writing of a text that would meet sound cri­ teria essential for an elementary text book In mechanical drawing. In approaching the first problem all text analyzed were subjected to an examination by the author. The an­ alysis was limited to content only and did not include phys­ ical structure. After certain standards were established* Reproduced with permission of the copyright owner. Further reproduction prohibited without permission. 11 «aoh text xae studied to determine to what extent the orlterla were fulfilled. The rating of texts has heen used as the Introduetlcn to the eeoond or m j o r problem of writing a text that will eatlsfy the modern principles of education in the field of vocational training. Reproduced with permission of the copyright owner. Further reproduction prohibited without permission. Ill Introduotlon Criteria of a Good Text Book Twelve orlterla have heen «et up covering the eesexi* tlala of a good meohanloal drawing text hook* The reeeon for the establishment of eaoh criterion, why It le eeeen* tlal that a text should meet this requirement, and the ad­ vantages of fiu»etlng the requirement or the disadvantages of not xoeetlng the requirement follow In each case the statement of the criterion. Criterion 1. The text should be based upon psycholog­ ical order# The method, usually followed In the drafting room, of having the student complete each drawing In turn Is the procedure developed from commercial practice where experi­ enced draftsmen make complete drawings* This Is the logi­ cal order for a commercial drawing and therefore may be oalled the logical teaching order, but, from the learner's viewpoint and for good educational method It la not sound* Instead of treating each drawing as a unit the psychologi­ cal order would require, rather, the independent treatment of the component parts which collectively constitute a drawing* Criterion 2* The text should provide good pedagogical procedure* Reproduced with permission of the copyright owner. Further reproduction prohibited without permission. ir The method of preeeating the rfiaterl&X must he auoh that It may he easily ondefstood by the student; should con­ vey the neeessary information while heing thought provoking; should secure the desired results in eonstruotion end tech­ nique without the formation on the student*s part of hahlts that are detrimental to later progress* Criterion 5* The text should be divided Into units of work* To offset the artificial conditions of school train­ ing# to secure for the student the beneficial sense of having accomplished a definite piece of woiA:# and to assist in the teacher*s determination of acccmplishment the text should he divided Into units of work* This also makes pos­ sible the teaching of certain definite units of the subject of drafting such as pencil drawing# or Is ttaring without the necessity of the student going through other construc­ tive work not needed to secure the particular accomplish­ ment desired* For night and trade school work such a di­ vision into units is necessary if the training Is to he considered efficient. Criterion 4# The text should develop technique* It Is absolutely essential that the commercial draw­ ing should have good technique in order that no possible opportunity for a difference of Interpretation may be present* Unless examples or standards of good technique Reproduced with permission of the copyright owner. Further reproduction prohibited without permission. «r« up and provided frosi the very be^lnniag» the stu* dent will develop M e own unfavorable habits and techniques* He must poeeess good technique before his drawings will have eozmerelal value* It Is easier to establish good habits In the beginning than to do the double task of re«» moving old habits and then establishing new ones* Criterion 5* The text should provide iraetlcal prob*» leas* IS It necessary that the student shall learn such principles of drawing as projection and Intersection on theoretic and Imaginative pxoblems and then be required In the ccsamerolal world to make his own transfer from theory to practice? If an Imaginary problem has no practical ap­ plication* why should It be taught? If it has an applica­ tion* why not teach the applied In the first place? Froa this viewpoint it would seem a waste of time to teach draw­