VISUALIZINGVISUALIZING RESIDUALRESIDUAL SPACESSPACES ININ AA NEWNEW LIGHTLIGHT A Study for Creating & Designing an Urban Public Space Under a Downtown San José Freeway Caitlin C. Campbell December 2013 (This page is intentially left blank) VISUALIZING RESIDUAL SPACES IN A NEW LIGHT A Study for Creating & Designing an Urban Public Space Under a Downtown San José Freeway A Planning Report Presented to The Faculty of the Department of Urban and Regional Planning San José State University In Partial Fulfillment Of the Requirements for the Degree Master of Urban Planning By Caitlin Campbell December 2013 San José State University Urban and Regional Planning Department (This page is intentially left blank) Acknowledgements I would like to express my sincere thanks to all of the people who have supported me throughout this project and my time at San José State University. I dedicate this report and my degree to you because without you this would not have been possible. Thank you to all of the planning and design professionals who took time out of their busy schedules to share with me their experience, knowledge and visions for their design projects. In addition, I would like to thank the residents of downtown San José and Spartan-Keyes for sharing your time and knowledge about your community. I thoroughly enjoyed speaking with all of you. my personal cheerleaders and I am very fortunate to have you in my life. I am eternally grateful for my parents and family who supported and encouraged me during the difficult times. You are To my advisor Asha Weinstein Agrawal, thank you so much for your words of encouragement, advice, and patience throughout the entire 298 process. Lastly, I would like to thank the Urban and Regional Planning department and faculty for your guidance, knowledge and support over the past 2 1/2 years. i (This page is intentially left blank) ii Table of Contents List of Tables & Figures ................................................................................................................... v Chapter 1: Introduction to the Research ......................................................................................... 1 1.1 Purpose of the Report .................................................................................................................................................................... 1 1.2 Relevance for Studying Residual Spaces ................................................................................................................................ 1 1.3 Relevance for Choosing the City of San José ......................................................................................................................... 2 1.4 Focus of Research ............................................................................................................................................................................. 4 1.5 Scope of Report ................................................................................................................................................................................. 4 Chapter 2: Design Guidelines for Creating Successful Urban Public Spaces ...................................... 7 ..................................................................................................................................................................... 7 2.2 Design Qualities, Characteristics & Elements ...................................................................................................................... 7 2.1 Defining Public Space Chapter 3: Studies of Existing Residual Space Transformations ....................................................... 15 3.1 Selection Process .............................................................................................................................................................................. 15 3.2 Methodology for Analyzing Each Space ................................................................................................................................. 15 3.3 Residual Space Observation & Analysis Tool ....................................................................................................................... 18 3.4 Observation & Analysis of Studies ............................................................................................................................................ 18 3.5 Summary of Findings ..................................................................................................................................................................... 49 Chapter 4: Site Analysis of San José's 2nd & 3rd Street / I-280 Underpass .......................................... 53 4.1 Existing Conditions ......................................................................................................................................................................... 53 4.2 Site Constraints ................................................................................................................................................................................. 56 4.3 Site Opportunities ............................................................................................................................................................................ 61 4.4 Summary of Findings from the Site Analysis ....................................................................................................................... 64 4.5 Interviews with Nearby Residents ........................................................................................................................................... 66 iii Chapter 5: Design Recommendations for Transforming the 2nd & 3rd Street / I-280 Underpass ......... 73 5.1 Development of Program Elements & Design Solutions ................................................................................................. 73 5.2 Conceptual Design Recommendations for the 2nd & 3rd Street / I-280 Underpass .............................................. 75 5.3 Supporting Perspectives for Design Recommendations ................................................................................................. 80 Chapter 6: Conclusion & Recommended Steps for Redesign Implementation .................................. 85 6.1 Discussion of Findings ................................................................................................................................................................... 85 6.2 Implementation & Design Phases ............................................................................................................................................. 86 Bibliography ...................................................................................................................................................................................................... 91 Appendix A: Residual Space Observation & Analysis Tool ............................................................................................................ 95 Appendix B: Interview Questionnaires ................................................................................................................................................. 97 Appendix C: Interview List ......................................................................................................................................................................... 99 iv List of Tables & Figures TABLE 3.1 Summary of residual spaces studied ........................................................................................................................ 16 TABLE 5.1 Program elements & design solutions ..................................................................................................................... 74 FIGURE 1.1 Context map of the study area ................................................................................................................................... 3 FIGURE 3.1 Location of residual space studies........................................................................................................................... 17 FIGURE 3.2 Concrete planter beds and moveable chairs in Jane Warner Plaza / Castro Commons ................... 20 FIGURE 3.3 Metal trailer hitch used as a raised planter bed and barrier from cars on Castro Street ................ 21 FIGURE 3.4 Historic F-Line cuts through Jane Warner Plaza / Castro Commons. ...................................................... 21 FIGURE 3.5 Farley's East Café Parklet ............................................................................................................................................ 24 FIGURE 3.6 Wooden bar table and red moveable stools at Farley's East Café .............................................................. 24 FIGURE 3.7 Parallel Park's modular design ................................................................................................................................. 27 FIGURE 3.8 Parallel Park's angeled seatwall and bike rack .................................................................................................. 28 FIGURE 3.9 Basketball courts at the Mission Bay Park Sport Courts ................................................................................ 30 FIGURE 3.10 Colorful bioswale ......................................................................................................................................................... 31 FIGURE 3.11 Wave mural at Mission