Working Papers of the Finnish Forest Research Institute 30 http://www.metla.fi/julkaisut/workingpapers/2006/mwp030.htm ISBN-13: 978-951-40-2007-0 (PDF) ISBN-10: 951-40-2007-3 (PDF) ISSN 1795-150X Northwest Russian Forestry in a Nutshell Sari Karvinen, Elina Välkky, Tatu Torniainen and Yuri Gerasimov www.metla.fi Working Papers of the Finnish Forest Research Institute 30 http://www.metla.fi/julkaisut/workingpapers/2006/mwp030.htm Working Papers of the Finnish Forest Research Institute publishes preliminary research results and conference proceedings. The papers published in the series are not peer-reviewed. The papers are published in pdf format on the Internet only. http://www.metla.fi/julkaisut/workingpapers/ ISSN 1795-150X Office Unioninkatu 40 A FI-00170 Helsinki tel. +358 10 2111 fax +358 10 211 2101 e-mail [email protected] Publisher Finnish Forest Research Institute Unioninkatu 40 A FI-00170 Helsinki tel. +358 10 2111 fax +358 10 211 2101 e-mail [email protected] http://www.metla.fi/ 2 Working Papers of the Finnish Forest Research Institute 30 http://www.metla.fi/julkaisut/workingpapers/2006/mwp030.htm Authors Karvinen, Sari, Välkky, Elina, Torniainen, Tatu & Gerasimov, Yuri Title Northwest Russian Forestry in a Nutshell Year Pages ISBN ISSN 2006 98 ISBN-13: 978-951-40-2007-0 (PDF) 1795-150X ISBN-10: 951-40-2007-3 (PDF) Unit / Research programme / Projects Finnish Forest Research Institute, Joensuu Research Unit / Russian, Central and Eastern European Forestry Information Service, project 3406. Accepted by Timo Karjalainen, Professor, 20 June 2006 Abstract The purpose of the paper is to provide a general view of the current state of the forest sector in Northwest Russia. The paper is a translation of the Finnish guidebook on forestry in Northwest Russia "Luoteis-Venäjän metsätalouden taskutieto", which was published at the Finnish Forest Research Institute in spring 2005. Some small updating and alterations have been made since the publishing of the guidebook in Finnish in 2005, but generally the paper presents the most current information available at the time of writing the Finnish version. The paper studies the basics of Russian forestry, covering themes from forest resources to their management and utilisation. The ongoing renewal pertaining to the forest legislation and administration will lead to changes in forest sector, which may deviate greatly from the plans predicted at the time of writing the publication. Thus, the courses of the changes are presented rather briefly. In the chapter about forest utilisation the allowable and actual cuts for different regions of Northwest Russia are given and the guidelines for forest utilisation are described. The logging methods and Russian harvesting technology are presented briefly. In the chapter about forest industry the annual production figures and locations of production plants for sawmill and wood-based panel industry as well as for chemical forest industry are given. In addition, the competitiveness, investments and foreign trade of Russian forest industry are discussed. Further information on topical events may be obtained in Finnish on the internet service of Expertise in Russian Forestry -project at www.idanmetsatieto.info. Keywords Russia, Northwest Russia, forest resources, forest utilisation, forest industry Available at http://www.metla.fi/julkaisut/workingpapers/2006/mwp030.htm Replaces Is replaced by Contact information Sari Karvinen, Finnish Forest Research Institute, Joensuu Research Unit, Yliopistokatu 6 (P.O. Box 68), FI-80101 Joensuu, Finland. E-mail [email protected] Other information 3 Working Papers of the Finnish Forest Research Institute 30 http://www.metla.fi/julkaisut/workingpapers/2006/mwp030.htm Contents Preface ...........................................................................................................................6 1 Introduction ................................................................................................................7 2 Ownership and Administration of Forests ..............................................................8 2.1 Legislation Concerning Forests and Their Utilisation.....................................................8 2.2 Administration of Forest Resources....................................................................................8 2.3 Forest Administration .........................................................................................................9 3 Forest Resources.....................................................................................................14 3.1 Russian Forest Resources .................................................................................................14 3.2 Forest Management Groups..............................................................................................15 3.3 Tree species.......................................................................................................................16 3.4 Development Classes and Age-Class Distribution ...........................................................17 4 Forest Certification ..................................................................................................19 4.1 Forest Certification Schemes ............................................................................................19 4.2 Verification of Wood Origin.............................................................................................19 5 Education and Research .........................................................................................20 5.1 Education on the Field of Forestry....................................................................................20 5.2 Research on the Field of Forestry .....................................................................................21 6 Forest Regeneration ................................................................................................22 6.1 Natural and Artificial Regeneration..................................................................................22 6.2 Production of Seeds and Seedling Plants..........................................................................24 7 Silviculture................................................................................................................26 7.1 Seedling Stand Management.............................................................................................26 7.2 Forest Fertilisation and Drainage......................................................................................27 7.3 Intermediate Fellings ........................................................................................................27 8 Nature Conservation................................................................................................30 8.1 Organising Nature Conservation.......................................................................................30 8.2 Nature Conservation Areas ...............................................................................................30 9 Multiple-use of Forests............................................................................................33 9.1 Utilisation of Non-wood Forest Products.......................................................................33 9.2 Berries, Mushrooms and Birch Sap ..................................................................................33 9.3 Medicinal Herbs and Raw-material for Chemical Industry ..............................................34 9.4 Recreational Use of Forests ..............................................................................................35 10 Forest Planning and Inventory .............................................................................36 10.1 Assessment System of Forest Resources ........................................................................36 10.2 Forest Inventory..............................................................................................................36 10.3 Forest planning................................................................................................................39 10.4 Assessment of the Inventory and Planning Systems.......................................................39 4 Working Papers of the Finnish Forest Research Institute 30 http://www.metla.fi/julkaisut/workingpapers/2006/mwp030.htm 11 Forest Utilisation....................................................................................................40 11.1 Allocating the Forest Use Rights ....................................................................................40 11.2 Determining Forest Fees .................................................................................................40 11.3 Allowable Cut and Utilisation of Forest Resources........................................................41 11.4 Monitoring Forest Use ....................................................................................................44 11.5 Allocation and Evaluation of Logging Sites...................................................................45 11.6 Forestry Plan ...................................................................................................................46 11.7 Planning Wood Procurement ..........................................................................................47 11.8 Timber Harvest and Transportation ................................................................................47 11.8.1 Logging Enterprises.............................................................................................47