Society for Child and Family Policy and Practice The Advocate Division 37 of the American Psychological Association Division 37: Human Trafficking of Children Editor: Kamala London, Ph.D., University of Toledo Editorial Assistants: Travis Conradt & Nicole Ladd, University of Toledo Volume 33, Number 3 Fall 2010 From the President: Inside This Issue Sandra J. Bishop-Josef, Ph.D. The Edward Zigler Center in Child Development & From the President by Sandra Bishop-Josef, Ph.D. ….. 01 Social Policy — Yale University Human Trafficking of Children: Definitions and Prevalence by Cindy Miller Perrin Ph.D. …………. 03 Division 37’s program at the annual APA Convention Notice and Request from the Editor…………………… 5 0 in San Diego in August was a smashing success! Rich Child Trafficking: Risk Factors and Developmental Puddy put together another wonderful program—I Considerations by Thema Bryant-Davis, Ph.D. and want to thank him for all his hard work on our behalf. Nathan Moon, M.A. ...................................…………. 6 0 Our symposia were excellent and very well-attended. Modern Slavery Abolition by Melissa Anderson-Hinn ………...……………….. 9 During our poster sessions and business meeting we presented several awards. Our student poster Presidents’ Column: Section 1 by Cindy Miller– Perrin, Ph.D. ………..………….… 11 awardees were Jonathan I. Martinez for How Parents' Voice of the Students by Lauren Legato, M.A. ..………. 12 Social Networks Influence Youth Mental Health Ser- From the Hill by Micah Haskell-Hoehl, Ph.D.….……. 13 vice Use and Sara L. Stromeyer for Inflation of Com- 2010 APA Convention Executive Committee Meeting petencies and Academic Outcomes in Aggressive Minutes by Jennifer Kaminski ….…………………. 16 Children. The Division’s Student Dissertation Award Report from Member-at-Large: Communications & was presented to Catherine DeCarlo Santiago for Technology by Lorinda Camparo, Ph.D. ……...….. 18 Family Coping as a Protective Factor for Poor Chil- Division 37 Elections ………….…………................... 19 dren. Because we received so many outstanding dis- Call for Division 37 Awards ……..….……………….. 20 sertation submissions, we decided, for the first time, Div 37’s Poster and Dissertation Award Winners…….. 21 to present two Honorable Mention Awards, as well, Call for Div 37 Student Dissertation Award……………. to Erin Gabrielson for Cultural Responsiveness: 21 Division 37: Call for Submissions ……….……............ Working with Interpreters when Providing Mental 22 Health Services to LEP Clients; and Margaret Steven- Additional Division 37 News and Notes ……………… 22 son for Understanding Jurors' Discussions of a De- Therapeutic Assessment with Children and Families by Justin D. Smith……....………………………….. 23 fendant's History of Child Abuse and Alcohol Abuse APF Pearson Early Career Grant ……………………… 27 in Capital Sentencing Trials. (Margaret was also the 28 recipient of the Section on Child Maltreatment’s Division 1: 2010 Award Announcement ……………… Early Career Award). We presented the Nicholas Division 1: 2011 Call for Nominations 2011 Awards … 32 Hobbs Award to Rodney Hammond of the Centers 2010 Division 37 Officers …………………………….. 35 1 The Advocate for Disease Control and the Distinguished Contri- dren, youth and families. Please continue to sup- bution to Child Advocacy Award to Ellen Bassuk port us and contribute to our efforts (starting by of the National Center on Family Homelessness. renewing your membership to APA and the Divi- Following the business meeting, Division mem- sion! See: http://www.apa.org/divisions/div37/ bers enjoyed meeting award winners and each membership.html ). Thank you. other at our lovely social hour. Thanks to all of you who joined us at our Convention sessions! Sandra J. Bishop-Josef, PhD is a developmental psychologist who is Assistant Director This issue of The Advocate highlights one of our at Yale University’s Edward Zigler Convention symposia, Human Trafficking of Center in Child Development and So- Children chaired by Cindy Miller-Perrin, Presi- cial Policy and an Associate Research dent of the Section on Child Maltreatment. The Scientist at the Child Study Center, symposium grew out of an interdivisional APA Yale School of Medicine. She previ- ously held appointments at Massachu- Task Force on human trafficking. Thelma Bryant- setts General Hospital and in the De- Davis, Nathan Moon, Melissa Anderson-Hinn and partment of Child Psychiatry, Harvard Medical Cindy Miller-Perrin, all members of the Task School. In 1996-1997, she was the APA’s Esther Katz Force, presented papers examining various aspects Rosen Congressional Fellow in Children’s Policy and of child trafficking. Summaries of the symposium worked on the Labor and Human Resources Commit- papers are included in this issue. Cindy Miller- tee staff of Senator Edward M. Kennedy. Perrin focuses on definitions and prevalence of human trafficking of children. Thelma Bryant- Dr. Bishop-Josef’s primary interest is in applying em- Davis and Nathan Moon’s paper discusses risk pirical research on child development to the formula- factors (at the national and individual levels) and tion of social policy. She directs the Zigler Center’s developmental considerations. Finally, Melissa fellowship training program. Her interests include Anderson-Hinn describes the need for modern child maltreatment, early childhood intervention pro- grams and other services children receive. Finally, abolitionists and what a new abolition movement she is interested in children’s rights and the usefulness requires. It is our hope that the symposium and this of a rights-based framework for improving child and issue The Advocate will bring the complex, preva- family policies, and, ultimately, child outcomes. lent problem of child trafficking to the attention of Division members, many of whom are likely to Dr. Bishop-Josef’s publications include the edited encounter victims seeking mental health services. volumes Child Development and Social Policy Knowledge for Action (APA Books, 2007) and Chil- Finally, I want to thank Division 37 members for dren’s Play The Roots of Reading (Zero to Three, allowing me the privilege of serving as President 2003), as well as several peer-reviewed papers, book this year, and the members of the Division Execu- chapters, and editorials. tive Board for all they have done to assist me in this endeavor. The Division is incredibly fortunate Dr. Bishop-Josef is the 2010 President of the Society for Child and Family Policy and Practice (Division to have both a loyal membership and an extremely 37). She has previously served as Co-chair of the Di- dedicated and capable Board! I have thoroughly vision 37 Task Force on Advocacy Training and as a enjoyed interacting with all of you; the year has consultant to the Divisions 27 /37 Policy Advocacy gone by far too quickly. Beginning in January, Task Force. Dr. Bishop-Josef is also a member of the Karen Budd will assume the Presidency, and she is Section on Child Maltreatment (Section 1, Division already hard at work on initiatives for her term. I 37) and has served the section as Member-at-large, know she will do an excellent job and look for- Chair of the Social Policy Committee, Program Chair, ward to assisting her as Past President. Division 37 and member of the Task Force on Physical Punish- has long been a vital voice in advocating for chil- ment of Children. 2 Volume 33, Number 3 Human Trafficking of Children: Definitions and Prevalence Cindy Miller-Perrin, Ph.D. Pepperdine University In recent years, the problem of human trafficking Definitions of Human Trafficking has become a topic of discussion and concern, both Understanding what is meant by the term human domestically as well as internationally. Although trafficking is difficult because many definitions not a new problem, human trafficking has received exist and none is universally accepted. Most defi- significant attention from organizations such as the nitions apply equally to both adults and children, United Nations (UN), the International Organization although researchers often struggle in distinguish- of Migration (IOM), the International Labor Organi- ing between adults and children (Loff & Sanghera, zation (ILO), and the United Nations Children’s 2004). One of the most often cited definitions Fund (UNICEF) (Goodey, 2008; Yakushko, 2009) comes from the United Nations (UN: 2000) Proto- only within the past decade. The reasons for devot- col to Prevent, Suppress, and Punish Trafficking in ing increasing time and effort to addressing this Persons, Especially Women and Children: problem include concerns over human rights viola- tions as well as the potentially devastating effects The recruitment, transportation, transfer, har- that such experiences can have on individual victims boring or receipt of persons by mean of threat of such crimes. Of particular concern are the many or use of force or other forms of coercion, of children who fall victim to child trafficking and abduction, of fraud, of deception, of the abuse whose development is often compromised by the of power or of a position of vulnerability or of experience and resulting severe complex trauma. the giving or receiving of payments or bene- fits to achieve the consent of a person having Despite international recognition of the problem and control over another person for the purposes an increasing understanding of the negative impact of exploitation (Article 3). of child trafficking on children’s development, the attention of psychologists and other mental health The emphasis in most definitions of human traf- professionals towards child trafficking has been rela- ficking, and evidenced in the UN’s definition tively limited to date. Given the likelihood that above, is on the elements of deception, fraud, and mental health professionals may encounter traffick- coercion for the express purpose of exploiting in- ing victims seeking mental health services, it is im- dividuals in some form. Furthermore, the protocol portant for these individuals to have a comprehen- specifies that lack of consent of the individual be- sive understanding of the problem in order to most ing trafficked is not a requirement, nor is it rele- effectively address victims’ needs. An examination vant.