TABLE OF CONTENTS Pages FOREWORD.......................................................................................vi SECTION I LAND, PEOPLE AND CLIMATE 1.0 REGIONAL OVERVIEW .............................................................1 1.1 Geographical Location...................................................................1 1.2 Land Area And Administrative Units..............................................1 1.3 Ethnic Groups: ..............................................................................3 1.4 Population Size, Growth and Density:..............................................3 1.5 Migration:...................................................................................13 1.6 Climate and Soils:........................................................................16 1.7 Agro-economic zones:.................................................................17 1.8 Physiography and Drainage:.........................................................18 SECTION II 2.0 REGIONAL ECONOMY 2.1 INTRODUCTION: .............................................................................20 2.2 GDP AND PER CAPITA GDP:..........................................................21 2.3 PRODUCTIVE SECTORS.............................................................26 2.3.1 Agriculture ..........................................................................26 2.3.2 Livestock........................................................................................................ 74 2.3.3 Forestry:.......................................................................................................... 90 2.3.4 Beekeeping:.................................................................................................... 94 2.3.5 Fishery:........................................................................................................... 94 2.3.6 Wildlife:........................................................................................................... 96 2.3.7 Industry:......................................................................................................... 98 2.3.8 Mining:.......................................................................................................... 104 i SECTI ON III 3.0 SOCIAL SERVICES SECTORS 3.1 EDUCATION SERVICES ............................................................ 109 3.1.1 Pre-School Education:...................................................... 109 3.1.2 Primary School Education:................................................ 110 3.1.2.1 Introduction:...................................................... 110 3.1.2.2 Schools: ............................................................ 110 3.1.2.3 Enrolment:......................................................... 111 3.1.2.4 Absenteeism:..................................................... 115 3.1.2.5 Primary School Dropouts:................................... 116 3.1.2.6 Primary School Facilities: ................................... 118 3.1.2.7 Teachers:.......................................................... 124 3.1.2.9 Primary Education Development Indicators: ........ 125 3.1.3 Secondary Education:............................................................................. 130 3.1.4 Adult Literacy........................................................................................... 133 3.2 HEALTH SERVICES 3.2.1 Introduction:.................................................................... 135 3.2.2 Morbidity and Mortality Causes: ....................................... 136 3.2.3 Health Facilities:.............................................................. 138 3.2.4 Immunization of Children and Prospective Mothers:........... 149 3.2.5 Child and Mother Nutrition: .............................................. 151 3.2.6 Infant and Underfive Mortality:......................................... 152 3.2.7 Maternal Mortality:.......................................................... 155 3.2.8 Life Expectancy: ............................................................. 157 3.2.9 AIDS:............................................................................. 158 3.2.10 Other Health Issues:........................................................ 164 3.3 WATER SUPPLY SERVICES 3.3.1 Introduction:.................................................................... 169 3.3.2 Water Policy: .................................................................. 170 3.3.3 Overview of the Current Status of Water Supply Facilities . 171 3.3.4 Rural Water Supplies: ...................................................... 175 3.3.5 Urban Water Supplies:............................................................................ 177 3.3.6 Water Quality:.......................................................................................... 183 3.3.7 The Livestock Factor:...................................................... 183 3.3.8 Future Efforts:................................................................. 184 ii 3.3.9 Sanitation: ....................................................................... 185 SECTION IV 4.0 ECONOMIC INFRASTRUCTURE 4.1 ROADS ........................................................................................ 190 4.2 RAILWAY SERVICES:..................................................................... 197 4.3 AIR TRANSPORT:.......................................................................... 198 4.4 TELECOMMUNICATION S .............................................................. 200 4.5 ENERGY:....................................................................................... 201 4.5.1 Electricity:............................................................................ 202 4.5.2 Fuelwood:............................................................................ 203 4.5.3 Biogas: ................................................................................ 203 SECTION V 5.0 OTHER RELATED DEVELOPMENT ISSUES 5.1 ENVIRONMENTAL CONSERVATION ................................. 204 5.2 TOURISM: .............................................................................. 209 5.2.1 REVENUE FOR THE GOVERNMENT ......................... 213 5.3 SPECIAL PEOPLE.................................................................. 216 SECTION VI 6.0 POTENTIAL AREAS OF INVESTMENT 6.1 AGRICULTURE:..................................................................... 217 6.2 LIVESTOCK: .......................................................................... 221 6.3 FORESTRY:............................................................................ 222 6.4 BEEKEEPING: ........................................................................ 222 6.5 INDUSTRIES: ......................................................................... 222 6.6 MINING: ................................................................................. 226 6.7 WILDLIFE AND TOURISM:................................................... 226 6.8 ECONOMIC INFRASTRUCTURE:......................................... 227 6.9 EDUCATION:......................................................................... 228 iii 6.10 HEALTH:............................................................................... 228 6.11 WATER:.................................................................................. 228 6.12 ENVIRONMENTAL CONSERVATION: ................................ 229 ANNEX A Arusha Region in a Nutshell...................................................................................... 230 ANNEX B Arumeru District........................................................................................................... 243 ANNEX C Arusha District............................................................................................................. 249 ANNEX D Babati District............................................................................................................... 255 ANNEX E Hahang District ............................................................................................................ 262 ANNEX F Mbulu/Karatu District................................................................................................. 268 ANNEX G Monduli District........................................................................................................... 275 ANNEX H Kiteto District ............................................................................................................... 281 ANNEX I Simanjiro District.......................................................................................................... 286 ANNEX J Ngorongoro District .................................................................................................... 291 iv ANNEX K 1.0 INFORMATION ABOUT TANZANIA 1.1 GENERAL Tanzania Mainland Area By Regions (Sq Km).................................................... 296 Population................................................................................................................. 297 Land Use................................................................................................................... 298 Arable Land:............................................................................................................. 298 Lakes .......................................................................................................................... 298 Mountain Summits (Metres Above Sea Level)................................................... 298 Climate ......................................................................................................................