URBANISATION OF FARM WORKERS VOLUME 1: Locality studies in Karoo livestock areas Fauresmith Jagersfontein Philippolis Colesberg Daniel Pienaar Carin van Schalkwyk October 2003 Series editor: Doreen Atkinson Human Sciences Research Council [email protected] (051) 773 0355 Table of Contents PREFACE .................................................................................................................................. 7 FAURIESMITH ......................................................................................................................... 10 INTRODUCTION ...................................................................................................................... 10 A. GENERAL BACKGROUND OF FARMING AREA ........................................................ 10 1. Type of farm ......................................................................................................... 10 2. Spatial Location .................................................................................................... 10 B. GENERAL BACKGROUND OF FARMERS................................................................... 10 1 Age....................................................................................................................... 10 2 Education ............................................................................................................. 10 3 Gender ................................................................................................................. 10 4 Married status....................................................................................................... 11 C GENERAL BACKGROUND OF FARM WORKERS ...................................................... 11 1 Age....................................................................................................................... 11 2 Gender ................................................................................................................. 11 3 Education ............................................................................................................. 11 4 Married status....................................................................................................... 11 D. MOBILITY AND ROOTEDNESS.................................................................................... 11 1 Length of residence .............................................................................................. 11 2 Number of farm workers ....................................................................................... 12 3 Family of workers. ................................................................................................ 13 E. QUALITY OF LIFE: INFRASTRUCTURE AVAILABLE FOR FARM WORKERS.................. 13 1. Housing ................................................................................................................ 13 2. Infrastructure ........................................................................................................ 13 3 Recreation ............................................................................................................ 14 F. TYPES AND LEVELS OF SERVICES AVAILABLE TO FARM WORKERS ......................... 14 1 Awareness of services.......................................................................................... 14 2 Utilisation of services on the farms ....................................................................... 15 3 The role of the government................................................................................... 15 4 The role of non-state institutions........................................................................... 16 5 The role of farmers’ organisations ........................................................................ 16 6 The role of churches............................................................................................. 16 G. RESIDENTIAL OPTIONS: PREFERENCES OF FARMERS AND FARM WORKERS .. 17 1 Current residential patterns .................................................................................. 17 H. RIGHTS..........................................................................................................................18 I. TRAVEL: TRAVEL AND TRANSPORT ARRANGEMENTS.......................................... 18 1 Urban services...................................................................................................... 18 2 Transport facilities ................................................................................................ 19 1 3 Commuting patterns ............................................................................................. 19 J. FARM WORKERS LIVELIHOODS................................................................................. 19 1 Cultivation............................................................................................................. 19 2 Stock ownership ................................................................................................... 19 3 Training ................................................................................................................ 20 4 Training providers................................................................................................. 22 K. SUPPORT FOR EMERGING FARMERS....................................................................... 22 1 The ideal of farm ownership ................................................................................. 22 2. Support agencies.................................................................................................. 22 L. THE ‘FARMING COMMUNITY’..................................................................................... 23 1 Developmental needs........................................................................................... 23 2 Solidarity between farmers and farm workers....................................................... 23 M. FORMER FARM WORKERS ......................................................................................... 24 1 What kinds of people? .......................................................................................... 24 2 Farming heritage .................................................................................................. 25 3 Quality of life......................................................................................................... 25 4 Changing livelihoods............................................................................................. 25 5 Skills base ............................................................................................................ 26 JAGERSFONTEIN ...................................................................................................................27 INTRODUCTION ...................................................................................................................... 27 A GENERAL BACKGROUND OF FARMING AREA ........................................................ 27 1. Type of Farm ........................................................................................................ 27 2. Spatial Location .................................................................................................... 27 B GENERAL BACKGROUND OF FARMERS................................................................... 27 1. Age and number of years spent on farm............................................................... 27 2. Education ............................................................................................................. 27 3. Gender ................................................................................................................. 27 C BACKGROUND OF FARM WORKERS......................................................................... 28 1. Age....................................................................................................................... 28 2. Gender ................................................................................................................ 28 3. Literacy................................................................................................................. 28 4. Married status....................................................................................................... 28 D MOBILITY AND ROOTEDNESS: COMPARING FARMERS AND WORKERS............................ 28 1. Length of residence .............................................................................................. 28 2. Number of farm workers ...................................................................................... 29 3. Number of family members on the farm................................................................ 30 E QUALITY OF LIFE ......................................................................................................... 30 1. Housing ................................................................................................................ 30 2. Infrastructure ........................................................................................................ 30 2 3. Recreation ............................................................................................................ 31 F TYPES OF SERVICE DELIVERY TO FARM WORKERS.............................................. 31 1. Awareness of available services........................................................................... 31 2. Utilisation