International Journal of Environment, Agriculture and Biotechnology (IJEAB) Vol-4, Issue-5, Sep-Oct- 2019 https://dx.doi.org/10.22161/ijeab.45.34 ISSN: 2456-1878 Effectiveness of tuba root extract (Derris elliptica L.) against antifeedant of Crocidolomia binotalis caterpillar on mustard plant (Brassica juncea L) Alfrits Komansilan1, Ni Wayan Suriani2, Helen Joan Lawalata3 1 Department of Physics, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, Manado State University, North Sulawesi, Indonesia 2 Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, Manado State University, North Sulawesi, Indonesia 3 Department of Biology , Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, Manado State University, North Sulawesi, Indonesia *Email: [email protected] Abstract— The application of tuba root bioactive extract (Derris elliptica L.) as a natural insecticide on the Crocidolomia binotalis caterpillar on mustard plants (Brassica juncea L.) was carried out. The test results showed that there were significant differences in antifeedant activity of the Crocidolomia binotalis caterpillar on mustard (Brassica juncea L.) plants at various concentrations. The research was carried out in several stages, starting from the tubal root extraction stage, phytochemical testing, preparation of caterpillar tests, testing of antifeedant activity. As the treatment is the level of methanol concentration of 50 ppm, 100 ppm, 500 ppm and 1000 ppm. The parameter observed was the percentage of Feeding Reduction (FR). The test results showed that the best antifeedant activity of Crocidolomia binotalis was at concentrations of 500 ppm and 1000 ppm because it was able to inhibit feeding power or Feeding Reduction of test caterpillars by 15.35% and 32.33%, was able to inhibit the feeding activity of Crocidolomia binotalis. Keywords— Derris elliptica root, antifeedant, Natural Insecticide, Mustard, Feeding Reduction. I. INTRODUCTION the use of plant material to be used as a vegetable pesticide is Tuba root plant is a type of plant commonly used as fish now being developed. poison. Plant roots tuba potential as biopesticide is in addition To get an effective, efficient and safe insecticide, it is found in almost all regions in Indonesia also found in Africa, necessary to have a comprehensive and directed study so that Southeast Asia and some islands in the Pacific (Novian, 2004). a formulation that is ready to be used by agricultural actors The use of insecticides unwisely will have a bad influence will be produced. Making a simple plant insecticide on the environment and public health, especially farmers. formulation is expected to be the forerunner to the Farmers in general overcome pest caterpillars by using development of an environmentally friendly plant-based synthetic chemical pesticides. In terms of pest population insecticide industry on a large scale and will be able to suppression, the results of chemical control with pesticides are compete with insecticidal formulations made from synthetic quickly felt, especially in large areas. Until now, pest control active conditions provided that the plant-based insecticides of mustard greens which is commonly done by farmers is have efficacy and competitive prices, practical in use, and the chemically using synthetic pesticides. Soewadi (2002) most important is safe for human health users. Plants that have suggested that the application of synthetic chemical pesticides been isolated by researchers contain active compounds of which are not wise and not in accordance with Integrated Pest plant-based insecticides on Aedes aegypti mosquito larvae are Management (IPM) can have various negative impacts such as soursop seeds (Annona muricata) with Lethal Concentration the occurrence of pest resistance, the emergence of secondary LC50 = 117. 27 ppm (Komansilan et al. 2012), and Hutun seeds pests, the killing of non-target organisms, the presence of (Barringtonia asiatica Kurz) with Lethal Concentration LC50 = insecticide residues on food ingredients, pollution 35.72 ppm (Komansilan and Suriani. 2016). environment, and dangerous for consumers. As an alternative, Tuba root plant is a type of plant commonly used as fish poison. Plant roots tuba potential as biopesticide is in addition www.ijeab.com Page |1505 International Journal of Environment, Agriculture and Biotechnology (IJEAB) Vol-4, Issue-5, Sep-Oct- 2019 https://dx.doi.org/10.22161/ijeab.45.34 ISSN: 2456-1878 found in almost all regions in Indonesia also found in Africa, B. Materials and tools Southeast Asia and some islands in the Pacific (Novian, 2004). The material used is tuba roots sampled from Bulo Crocidolomia binotalis is an important pest in cabbage plantation in Bulo village, Mandolang sub-districts, plants. This caterpillar attacks plants from the Brassica family Minahasa Regency. The materials used are 70% ethanol such as mustard greens, radish cabbage and radish, these pests and 95% for maceration of tubal root samplings, attack mainly on the inside of the plant until it reaches the technical methanol acetic acid, sulfuric acid, chloroform, point of growth (Pracaya, 1999; Kalshoven, 1981). Control 5% FeCl3 % solution, Dragendorf reagent, Meyer measures that can be applied to these pests are regulation of reagent, tissue, cotton, whattman filter paper no. 42, cropping patterns, farming techniques, utilization of natural aluminum foil, plastic samples, mustard leaves, and enemies, physical, mechanical control and use of vegetable caterpillars Crocidolomia binotalis. The tools used are pesticides. The use of tuba root extract as a vegetable pesticide analytical scales, petri dishes, vial tubes, Erlenmeyers, to kill insect pests has not been widely reported, therefore it goblets, measuring cups, volumetric pipettes, fillers, test needs to be studied and examined how the effect of extracts tubes and tube racks, drop pipettes, 50 mL and 100 mL from the plant Derris elliptica L. on Crocidolomia binotalis measuring flasks and rotary vaccum evaporators which is one of the important pests in mustard plants. (Heidolph-Laborota 4000/4001 efficient). Antifeedant is a substance that can stop eating insects or other animals permanently or temporarily depending on the C. Experiment Design and Data Analysis strength of the substance (Garson, 2010). The potential of This study uses a Completely Randomized Design antifeedant substances has long been known, because it has (CRD) as a treatment that is the concentration level of become one of the alternatives in food crop protection. methanol solvent 50 ppm, 100 ppm, 500 ppm and 1000 The process of food crop production is often hampered ppm and negative control 0 ppm. Each treatment was due to insect pests that cause crop failure. The development repeated 3 times. The parameters observed were and spread of insect pests that disturb agricultural crops, now percentage of Feeding Reduction (FR) or % antifeedant require serious attention. To overcome this, farmers generally and phytochemical screening / screening test for tubal use synthetic pesticides in pest control. The use of synthetic root ethanol extract. The data obtained were analyzed pesticides in the process of agricultural production can result using one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA). If the in the presence of pesticide residues in agricultural products treatment has a significant effect on the inhibition of (Untung, 1996). Residues of a number of chemicals such as eating Crocidolomia binotalis on mustard plants, then pesticides can be left through various cycles directly or further testing of LSD or LSD at 5% significance level. indirectly, so that it reaches humans and enters the digestive tract with food and drinking water (Tjokronegoro, 1987). D. Research procedure Seeing the negative impact of pesticides, the development Tuba Root Extraction (Derris Elliptica L. ) of a biorational pest control agent needs to be done. This Tuba root samples obtained from the Bulo plantation in antifeedant substance has good prospects to be developed into the village of Bulo, Mandolang sub-district, Minahasa a biopesticide agent (Mayanti, et al., 2005). This research will Regency. The extract material used in this study was the examine the potential of food activity inhibition for pest roots of the tuba plant which grew around Bulo, the insects with different inhibitory activities. village of Bulo, Mandolang sub-district, Minahasa Regency. Making the root extract tuba done by weighing II. RESEARCH METHODS 1,2 Kg of tuba root dried at room temperature, then A. Research Location and Time soaked in ethanol (maceration) for 1 x 24 hours in This research was conducted at the Laboratory of maserator. Maceration is done several times until the Integrated Sciences, Laboratory of Physics and extracts run out. The maceration solution is then filtered Chemistry Laboratory, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural using Whattman filter paper No. 42. The filtrate obtained Sciences ,Manado State University, in Tondano. The was then put into a vaccum evaporator at 400C until the study was conducted from May to August 2019, starting ethanol solvent evaporated to obtain a thick ethanol from the sampling phase, phytochemical screening extract. Furthermore, the extraction results obtained were extraction and testing of antifeedant activity . weighed using analytical scales. To make the test solution, a dilution was carried out using technical www.ijeab.com Page |1506 International Journal of Environment, Agriculture and Biotechnology (IJEAB) Vol-4, Issue-5, Sep-Oct- 2019 https://dx.doi.org/10.22161/ijeab.45.34