FAMILY Lutjanidae Gill 1861 [=Acanthopomes, Mesopriontes, Aphareoidei, Lutjaninae, Hoplopagrinae, Platyiniini, Etelinae, Aprioninae, Paradicichthyinae, Symphorinae, Neomaenidae, Apsilinae] Notes: Name in prevailing usage, Article 35.5 Acanthopomes Duméril 1805:152 [ref. 1151] (family) ? Lutjanus [latinized to Acanthopomi by Jarocki 1822:133, 214 [ref. 4984]; no stem of the type genus, not available, Article 11.7.1.1] Mesopriontes Bleeker 1856b:40 [ref. 352] (family) Mesoprion [also as Mesopriontoidei Bleeker 1859c:52 [ref. 373] and Bleeker 1859d:19, 221 [ref. 371], and as subfamily Mesopriontiformes Bleeker 1859d:XIX [ref. 371]; senior objective synonym of Lutjaninae Gill 1861, but never used as valid after 1899] Aphareoidei Bleeker 1857:52 [ref. 356] (subfamily) Aphareus [stem Aphare- confirmed by Klunzinger 1870:767 [ref. 2621], by Jordan & Thompson 1911:440 [ref. 2540] and by Lindberg 1971:140 [ref. 27211]] Lutjaninae Gill 1861e:78 [ref. 1770] (subfamily) Lutjanus [also Gill 1862k:251 [ref. 1664]; stem sometimes seen as Lutian- or Luthian- based on Lutianus and Luthianus resp.; junior objective synonym of Mesopriontes Bleeker 1856, but that name was never used after 1899 Article 23.9.1.1, and Lutjanidae in prevailing usage, Article 23.9.1.2: Weber & de Beaufort 1936 [ref. 4606], Anderson, Jr. 1966 [ref. 7939], Kami 1973 [ref. 5616], Anderson, Jr., Kami & Johnson 1977 [ref. 115], Anderson, Jr., Talwar & Johnson 1977 [ref. 116], Randall & Guézé 1980 [ref. 8671], Bauchot, Desoutter & Allen 1981 [ref. 21549], Raj & Seeto 1983 [ref. 6817], Allen & Talbot 1985 [ref. 6491], Akazaki & Iwatsuki 1986 [ref. 6316], Allen 1986 [ref. 6208], Kishimoto, Amaoka, Kohno & Hamaguchi 1987 [ref. 6061], Potthoff, Kelley & Collins 1988 [ref. 11833], Lloris & Rucabado 1990 [ref. 15959], Anderson, Jr., Kailola & Collette 1992 [ref. 20198], Allen 1995 [ref. 21857], Brogan 1996 [ref. 22125], Lee & Cheng 1996 [ref. 22435], Iwatsuki, Yoshino & Shimada 1999 [ref. 23961], Kar & Chakraborty 2001 [ref. 25680], Liu 2007 [ref. 30077], de Moura & Lindeman 2007 [ref. 29018], Iwatsuki & Satapoomin 2009 [ref. 31128], Hay & Leis 2011 [ref. 31399], Gomes, Sampaio & Schneider 2012 [ref. 32654], White & Last 2012 [ref. 32118], Allen, White & Erdmann 2013 [ref. 32521], so the family-group name Lutjaninae Gill 1861 is valid according to Article 23.9.1] Hoplopagrinae Gill 1861e:78 [ref. 1770] (subfamily) Hoplopagrus [also Gill 1862m:252 [ref. 4909]] Platyiniini Poey 1867:205 [ref. 32247] (subfamily) Platyinius Etelinae Gill 1893b:134 [ref. 26255] (subfamily) Etelis Aprioninae Jordan & Thompson 1911:440 [ref. 2540] (subfamily) Aprion [correct stem is Apriont- Sheiko 2013:90 [ref. 32944]] Paradicichthyinae Whitley 1930b:13 [ref. 4671] (subfamily) Paradicichthys [family name sometimes seen as Paradichthyidae] Symphorinae Fowler 1933:64 [ref. 1414] (subfamily) Symphorus Neomaenidae Myers & Storey 1956:21 [ref. 32831] (family) Neomaenis [genus inferred from the stem, Article 11.7.1.1; unavailable publication] Apsilinae Johnson 1980:9, 44 [ref. 13553] (subfamily) Apsilus GENUS Aphareus Cuvier, in Cuvier & Valeniennes, 1830 [=Aphareus Cuvier [G.] in Cuvier & Valenciennes 1830:485, Fares (subgenus of Aphareus) Jordan [D. S.], Evermann [B. W.] & Tanaka [S.] 1927:673, Humefordia Whitley [G. P.] 1931:334, Platypodus Lacepède [B. G. E.] 1804:211, Sacrestinus (subgenus of Aphareus) Jordan [D. S.], Evermann [B. W.] & Tanaka [S.] 1927:670, Ulapiscis Whitley [G. P.] 1933:78] Notes: [ref. 996]. Masc. Aphareus caerulescens Cuvier 1830. Type by subsequent designation. Borodin 1930 described a new species in the genus Aphareus, but his fish was a species of Cubiceps in another family; but authors wrongly attribute a genus Aphareus to Borodin (see Agafonova 1994:162 [ref. 22914]). Type designated by Jordan, Tanaka & Snyder 1913:165 [ref. 6448]. •Valid as Aphareus Cuvier 1830 -- (Johnson 1980:9 [ref. 13553], Yoshino in Masuda et al. 1984:167 [ref. 6441], Allen 1985:18 [ref. 6843], Anderson 1986:572 [ref. 5634], Akazaki & Iwatsuki 1986 [ref. 6316], Anderson 1987:8 [ref. 13770], Leis & Lee 1994:61 [ref. 21402], Anderson & Allen 2001:2842 [ref. 26099], Allen et al. 2006:1193 [ref. 29090]). Current status: Valid as Aphareus Cuvier 1830. Lutjanidae. (Fares) [ref. 2454]. Masc. Aphareus thompsoni Fowler 1923. Type by original designation (also monotypic). Apparently preoccupied [details not investigated], replaced by Humefordia Whitley 1931. •Synonym of Aphareus Cuvier 1830 -- (Allen 1985:18 [ref. 6843]). Current status: Synonym of Aphareus Cuvier 1830. Lutjanidae. (Humefordia) [ref. 4672]. Fem. Aphareus thompsoni Fowler 1923. Type by being a replacement name. Replacement for Fares Jordan, Evermann & Tanaka 1927, preoccupied according to Whitley [not investigated]. •Synonym of Aphareus Cuvier 1830 -- (Allen 1985:18 [ref. 6843]). Current status: Synonym of Aphareus Cuvier 1830. Lutjanidae. (Platypodus) [ref. 12515]. Masc. Labrus furca Lacepède 1801. Type by monotypy. •Synonym of Aphareus Cuvier 1830. Current status: Synonym of Aphareus Cuvier 1830. Lutjanidae. (Sacrestinus) [ref. 2454]. Masc. Aphareus flavivultus Jenkins 1901. Type by original designation (also monotypic). •Synonym of Aphareus Cuvier 1830 -- (Allen 1985:163 [ref. 6843] based on placement of type species; genus not treated by Allen). Current status: Synonym of Aphareus Cuvier 1830. Lutjanidae. (Ulapiscis) [ref. 4677]. Masc. Ulapiscis kennedyi Whitley 1933. Type by original designation (also monotypic). •Synonym of Aphareus Cuvier 1830 -- (Whitley 1976:49 [ref. 4735]). Current status: Synonym of Aphareus Cuvier 1830. Lutjanidae. Species Aphareus furca (Lacepede, 1801) [=Labrus furca Lacepède [B. G. E.] (ex Commerson) 1801:429, 477, Pl. 21 (fig. 1), Aphareus caerulescens Cuvier [G.] in Cuvier & Valenciennes 1830:487, Pl. 167 bis, Sparoperca elegans Steindachner [F.] in Gudger 1929:528, Aphareus flavivultus Jenkins [O. P.] 1901:390, Fig. 4, Sparoperca pikea Steindachner [F.] in Gudger 1929:528, Caranxomorus sacrestinus Lacepède [B. G. E.] (ex Commerson) 1803:681, 682] Notes: [Histoire naturelle des poissons (Lacepéde) v. 3; ref. 2710] Mauritius, Mascarenes, southwestern Indian Ocean. Current status: Valid as Aphareus furca (Lacepède 1801). Lutjanidae. Distribution: Indo-West Pacific: Red Sea and East Africa. Mozambique Channel, Mascarenes east to Hawaiian Islands and Pitcairn Group, north to southern Japan, south to northern Western Australia, New Caledonia and Tonga; eastern Pacific: Cocos Island. Habitat: marine. (caerulescens) [=162 (sic) bis] [Histoire naturelle des poissons v. 6; ref. 996] Port Louis, Mauritius, Mascarenes, southwestern Indian Ocean. Current status: Synonym of Aphareus furca (Lacepède 1801). Lutjanidae. Habitat: marine. (elegans) [Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History v. 58 (art. 9); ref. 11187] Current status: Synonym of Aphareus furca (Lacepède 1801). Lutjanidae. (flavivultus) [Bulletin of the U. S. Fish Commission v. 19 (1899); ref. 2340] Honolulu, Oahu Island, Hawaiian Islands. Current status: Synonym of Aphareus furca (Lacepède 1801). Lutjanidae. Habitat: marine. (pikea) [Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History v. 58 (art. 9); ref. 11187] Current status: Synonym of Aphareus furca (Lacepède 1801). Lutjanidae. (sacrestinus) [Histoire naturelle des poissons (Lacepéde) v. 5; ref. 4930] Mauritius, Mascarenes, southwestern Indian Ocean. Current status: Synonym of Aphareus furca (Lacepède 1801). Lutjanidae. Habitat: marine. Species Aphareus rutilans Cuvier, in Cuvier & Valenciennes, 1830 [=Aphareus rutilans Cuvier [G.] in Cuvier & Valenciennes 1830:490, Aphareus thompsoni Fowler [H. W.] 1923:382] Notes: [Histoire naturelle des poissons v. 6; ref. 996] Red Sea; possibly also Mauritius, Mascarenes, southwestern Indian Ocean; and Indonesia. Current status: Valid as Aphareus rutilans Cuvier 1830. Lutjanidae. Distribution: Southeastern Atlantic: South Africa; Red Sea, Indo-West Pacific: East Africa, South Africa and Mascarenes east to Hawaiian Islands, north to southern Japan and Ogasawara Islands, south to northern Western Australia, Queensland (Australia), New Caledonia and Tonga. Habitat: marine. (thompsoni) [Occasional Papers of the Bernice Pauahi Bishop Museum of Polynesian Ethnology and Natural History v. 8 (no. 7); ref. 1398] Honolulu market, Oahu Island, Hawaiian Islands. Current status: Synonym of Aphareus rutilans Cuvier 1830. Lutjanidae. Habitat: marine. GENUS Aprion Valenciennes, in Cuvier & Valenciennes, 1830 [=Aprion Valenciennes [A.] in Cuvier & Valenciennes 1830:543, Sparopsis Kner [R.] 1868:27] Notes: [ref. 996]. Masc. Aprion virescens Valenciennes 1830. Type by monotypy. •Valid as Aprion Valenciennes 1830 -- (Johnson 1980:9 [ref. 13553], Yoshino in Masuda et al. 1984:167 [ref. 6441], Allen 1985:20 [ref. 6843], Anderson 1986:573 [ref. 5634], Akazaki & Iwatsuki 1986 [ref. 6316], Anderson 1987:12 [ref. 13770], Anderson & Allen 2001:2842 [ref. 26099], Allen et al. 2006:1194 [ref. 29090], Kottelat 2013:20 [ref. 32989]). Current status: Valid as Aprion Valenciennes 1830. Lutjanidae. (Sparopsis) [ref. 6074]. Fem. Sparopsis latifrons Kner 1868. Type by monotypy. Also appeared as new in Kner 1868:302 [ref. 2646], where Kner changed the species name to elongatus (an objective synonym of latifrons). •Synonym of Aprion Valenciennes 1830. Current status: Synonym of Aprion Valenciennes 1830. Lutjanidae. Species Aprion virescens Valenciennes, in Cuvier & Valenciennes, 1830 [=Aprion virescens Valenciennes [A.] in Cuvier & Valenciennes 1830:544, Pl. 168, Sparopsis elongatus Kner [R.] 1868:303