S9086-KY-STM-010/CH-320R2 REVISION 2 NAVAL SHIPS’ TECHNICAL MANUAL CHAPTER 320 ELECTRIC POWER DISTRIBUTION SYSTEMS THIS CHAPTER SUPERSEDES CHAPTER 320 DATED 30 JUNE 1995 DISTRIBUTION STATEMENT A: APPROVED FOR PUBLIC RELEASE. DISTRIBUTION IS UNLIMITED PUBLISHED BY DIRECTION OF COMMANDER, NAVAL SEA SYSTEMS COMMAND. 21 APR 1998 TITLE-1 @@FIpgtype@@TITLE@@!FIpgtype@@ S9086-KY-STM-010/CH-320R2 Certification Sheet TITLE-2 S9086-KY-STM-010/CH-320R2 TABLE OF CONTENTS Chapter/Paragraph Page 320 ELECTRIC POWER DISTRIBUTION SYSTEMS ................. 320-1 SECTION 1. DESCRIPTION OF ELECTRICAL SYSTEMS AND EQUIPMENT ....... 320-1 320-1.1 GENERAL ......................................... 320-1 320-1.1.1 IMPORTANCE OF ELECTRIC POWER. ................... 320-1 320-1.1.2 SAFETY PRECAUTIONS. ............................ 320-1 320-1.1.3 DISTRIBUTION SYSTEMS. .......................... 320-1 320-1.1.3.1 Alternating Current or Direct Current. ............... 320-1 320-1.2 ALTERNATING CURRENT DISTRIBUTION SYSTEMS .............. 320-1 320-1.2.1 VOLTAGE, PHASE, AND FREQUENCY. ................... 320-1 320-1.2.1.1 System Grounding. ......................... 320-1 320-1.2.1.2 Types of Power. ........................... 320-2 320-1.2.1.3 Special Power Types. ........................ 320-2 320-1.2.1.4 Key Power Characteristics. ..................... 320-2 320-1.2.1.5 Power Interruption. ......................... 320-5 320-1.2.1.6 Phase Loading. ............................ 320-6 320-1.2.2 SHIP SERVICE DISTRIBUTION SYSTEM. .................. 320-6 320-1.2.2.1 Zone Distribution. ..........................320-10 320-1.2.2.2 Power Distribution to Ventilating Systems. ............320-10 320-1.2.3 EMERGENCY DISTRIBUTION SYSTEM. ..................320-11 320-1.2.3.1 Location. ...............................320-11 320-1.2.3.2 Interconnections Between Emergency and Ship Service Distribution Systems. .......................320-12 320-1.2.3.3 Restoring Power from Emergency Switchboards. .........320-12 320-1.2.3.4 Emergency Generator Capacity. ..................320-12 320-1.2.4 SPECIAL FREQUENCY POWER SYSTEMS. .................320-12 320-1.2.4.1 Aircraft Starting and Servicing Systems. ..............320-13 320-1.2.5 LIGHTING SYSTEM. ..............................320-14 320-1.2.5.1 Lighting Distribution System. ....................320-14 320-1.2.5.2 Lighting Transformers. .......................320-14 320-1.2.5.3 Lighting Control. ..........................320-15 320-1.2.5.4 Isolated Receptacle Circuits. ....................320-15 320-1.2.5.5 Phase Loading. ............................320-15 320-1.2.6 SHORE POWER. .................................320-15 320-1.2.7 ALONGSIDE POWER. .............................320-16 320-1.2.8 CASUALTY POWER. ..............................320-16 320-1.2.8.1 Casualty Power Supply Connections. ...............320-16 320-1.2.8.2 Components of the Casualty Power Distribution System. ....320-16 320-1.3 POWER PLANT RELIABILITY. .............................320-17 320-1.3.1 GENERAL. ....................................320-17 320-1.3.2 NORMAL AND ALTERNATE SOURCES OF POWER. ...........320-17 320-1.3.2.1 Bus Transfer Equipment. ......................320-17 320-1.3.2.2 Routing of Normal and Alternate Feeder Cables. .........320-20 i S9086-KY-STM-010/CH-320R2 TABLE OF CONTENTS - Continued Chapter/Paragraph Page 320-1.3.3 LOAD SHEDDING SYSTEMS. .........................320-20 320-1.3.3.1 Staged Load Shedding. .......................320-20 320-1.3.3.2 Load Shedding Devices. .......................320-21 320-1.3.3.3 Turbine Overtemperature Protection System. ...........320-21 320-1.3.3.4 Splitting the Plant. ..........................320-21 320-1.3.3.5 Automatic Starting of a Standby Generator. ............320-21 320-1.3.4 PLANT RELIABILITY. .............................320-22 320-1.3.5 PROTECTION AGAINST POWER LOSS. ...................320-22 320-1.4 POWER OUTLETS ....................................320-22 320-1.4.1 MULTIPURPOSE POWER OUTLETS. .....................320-22 320-1.4.2 120-VOLT GROUNDED RECEPTACLES. ...................320-23 320-1.4.2.1 Extension Cords. ...........................320-23 320-1.4.2.2 120-Volt Receptacle Spacing. ....................320-23 320-1.4.2.3 Precautions for Maintenance and Use of 120-Volt Receptacles and Extension Cords. .......................320-23 320-1.5 DIRECT CURRENT DISTRIBUTION SYSTEM ....................320-23 320-1.5.1 SURFACE SHIP BATTERY CHARGING SYSTEMS. ............320-23 320-1.5.2 SUBMARINE SYSTEMS. ............................320-24 320-1.5.3 SMALL BOAT LOW VOLTAGE SYSTEMS. .................320-24 320-1.5.4 HELICOPTER STARTING AND SERVICING SYSTEMS. .........320-24 320-1.6 DISTRIBUTION SYSTEM EQUIPMENT ........................320-24 320-1.6.1 RELIABILITY AND MAINTENANCE. ....................320-24 320-1.6.2 KINDS OF EQUIPMENT. ............................320-24 320-1.6.3 SWITCHBOARDS. ................................320-24 320-1.6.3.1 Functions. ..............................320-25 320-1.6.3.2 Construction. .............................320-25 320-1.6.3.3 Arrangements. ............................320-25 320-1.6.3.4 Electric Plant Control Panel and Electric Plant Control Console. ...................................320-26 320-1.6.3.5 Interior Communication and Weapons Control Switchboards. 320-27 320-1.6.4 MEASURING EQUIPMENT. ..........................320-27 320-1.6.5 CIRCUIT BREAKERS. ..............................320-27 320-1.6.5.1 ACB Type. ..............................320-27 320-1.6.5.2 AQB Type. ..............................320-27 320-1.6.5.3 AQB-LF Type. ............................320-27 320-1.6.5.4 AQB-LL Type. ............................320-27 320-1.6.5.5 NQB Type. ..............................320-27 320-1.6.5.6 ALB Type. ..............................320-27 320-1.6.5.7 NLB Type. ..............................320-28 320-1.6.6 FUSES. ......................................320-28 320-1.6.6.1 Fuse Characteristics. .........................320-28 320-1.6.7 CURRENT TIME SENSING AND SIGNALING DEVICE. .........320-28 320-1.6.7.1 CTS Adjustments. ..........................320-28 320-1.6.8 CURRENT LIMITING DEVICES (CLD). ...................320-29 ii S9086-KY-STM-010/CH-320R2 TABLE OF CONTENTS - Continued Chapter/Paragraph Page 320-1.6.9 POWER SYSTEM MONITORS. ........................320-29 320-1.6.9.1 Voltage Monitors and Voltage and Frequency Monitors. .....320-29 320-1.6.9.2 Power Sensing Monitors. ......................320-31 320-1.6.9.3 Ground Fault Detectors. .......................320-31 320-1.6.10 ELECTRIC CABLES. ..............................320-31 320-1.6.11 CABLE PENETRATION OF STRUCTURES .................320-36 320-1.6.11.1 Metal Stuffing Tubes or Multiple Cable Penetrations. ......320-36 320-1.6.11.2 Nipples or Collars. ..........................320-36 320-1.6.11.3 Cable Segregation for Interference Reduction. ..........320-37 320-1.7 SYSTEM PROTECTION .................................320-37 320-1.7.1 GENERAL. ....................................320-37 320-1.7.2 GENERATOR REVERSE POWER AND CURRENT PROTECTION. 320-37 320-1.7.3 SHORT-CIRCUIT OVERCURRENT PROTECTION. .............320-37 320-1.7.4 FUSES. ......................................320-41 SECTION 2. OPERATION .......................................320-41 320-2.1 CHARACTERISTICS OF ELECTRICAL INSTALLATION ..............320-41 320-2.1.1 GENERAL. ....................................320-41 320-2.1.2 NSTM REFERENCES. ..............................320-41 320-2.1.3 OTHER REFERENCES. .............................320-42 320-2.2 GENERAL PRINCIPLES OF OPERATION .......................320-42 320-2.2.1 OVERVIEW. ....................................320-42 320-2.2.2 ELECTRIC PLANT OPERATION. .......................320-42 320-2.2.2.1 Limits on Number of Parallel Generators. .............320-43 320-2.2.2.2 Diesel Generator Set Loading. ...................320-43 320-2.2.3 CHOICE OF POWER SOURCE. ........................320-43 320-2.2.4 PREVENTION OF OVERLOADS. .......................320-43 320-2.2.5 OPERATION UNDER CASUALTY CONDITIONS. .............320-44 320-2.2.6 APPLICATION OF GENERAL PRINCIPLES. .................320-44 320-2.2.6.1 Automatic Starting of Diesel or Gas Turbine-Driven Emergency and Standby Generators. .....................320-46 320-2.2.6.2 Protection of Personnel. .......................320-47 320-2.2.6.3 Moisture in Switchboards. .....................320-47 320-2.2.6.4 Electric Plant Operating Rules. ...................320-47 320-2.2.7 SHORE POWER. .................................320-49 320-2.2.7.1 Shore Power Overvoltage Precautions. ...............320-49 320-2.2.7.2 Instructions and Procedures for Shore Power Connection. ....320-50 320-2.2.7.3 Operation from Shore Power. ....................320-51 320-2.2.7.4 Shore Power Disconnection. ....................320-51 320-2.2.7.5 Addition Shore Power Precautions. ................320-51 320-2.2.8 CASUALTY POWER. ..............................320-51 320-2.2.9 INDICATOR LIGHT COLOR DESIGNATION. ................320-51 SECTION 3. MAINTENANCE .....................................320-52 iii S9086-KY-STM-010/CH-320R2 TABLE OF CONTENTS - Continued Chapter/Paragraph Page 320-3.1 PREVENTIVE MAINTENANCE ............................320-52 320-3.1.1 PLANNED MAINTENANCE SYSTEM (PMS). ................320-52 320-3.2 GENERAL MAINTENANCE ...............................320-52 320-3.2.1 FUNDAMENTAL RULES. ............................320-52 320-3.2.2 EQUIPMENT CLASSES. ............................320-52 320-3.3 PHASE IDENTIFICATION ................................320-52 320-3.3.1 GENERAL. ....................................320-52