Digitalisation and Print Media. 32nd Digitalisation With 36 members in 17 countries, iarigai is an association linking all Digitalisation and Print Media organisations engaging in research and technical development in the wider field of printing, information and communication. Membership in iarigai is open to any institute, organisation or company, whether academic or commercial, engaged in research for the printing, information and communication industries and their suppliers. Regular activities of iarigai include annual research conferences, hosted by member-institutes, as well as publishing the Proceedings of these events. iarigai Conferences International Aulanko, Finland, 1965 Pittsburgh, USA, 1991 Rome, Italy, 1967 Munich, Germany, 1993 Krems, Austria, 1969 Paris, France, 1995 Canandaigua, USA, 1971 London, UK, 1997 iari Versailles, France, 1973 Pittsburgh, USA, 1998 g Wildhaus, Switzerland, 1975 Munich, Germany, 1999 ai Marabella, Spain, 1977 Graz, Austria, 2000 Research Conference. Conference Papers Lillehammer, Norway, 1979 Montreal, Canada, 2001 Key Biscane, USA, 1981 Lucerne, Switzerland, 2002 Saltsjöbaden, Sweden, 1983 Cavtat, Croatia, 2003 Williamsburg, USA, 1985 Copenhagen, Denmark, 2004 Eisenstadt, Austria, 1987 Porvoo, Finland, 2005 Moscow, U.S.S.R., 1989 32nd International iarigai Research Conference Conference Papers Organised on Occation of "40th Anniversary" ISBN 951–38–5534–1 (Soft back ed.) ISBN 951–38–5535–X (CD) Digitalisation and Print Media 32nd International iagirai Research Conference Haikko Minor, Porvoo, Finland, 4–7 September, 2005 Conference Papers 1 Digitalisation and Print Media 32nd International iagirai Research Conference Haikko Minor, Porvoo, Finland, 4–7 September, 2005 Conference Papers Selected by the Programme committee of iarigai Prof. Nils Enlund, Sweden, Chairman Dr. Helmut Kipphan, Germany Prof. Ulf Lindqvist, Finland Dr. Mladen Lovreček, Croatia Dr. Renke Wilken, Germany Published for iarigai the International Association of Research Organisations for the Printing, Information and Communication Industries by VTT Technical Research Centre of Finland, Vuorimiehentie 5, P.O.Box 2000, FI–02044 VTT, Finland phone internat. +358 20 722 111, fax +358 20 722 4374 VTT Information Technology, Metallimiehenkuja 10, P.O.Box 1204, FIN–02044 VTT, Finland phone internat. + 358 20 722 111, fax + 358 20 722 7052 ISBN 951–38–5534–1 (soft back ed.) ISBN 951–38–5535–X (CD) Cover photo: Esa Tanskanen, VTT Information Service 2 Preface Dear Participant of the 40th Anniversary Conference of iarigai It is an honour and a privilege for me to welcome you to Haikko Manor in Porvoo, Finland, and to the 32nd iarigai Conference. As you probably know, iarigai was founded at Aulanko in Finland 1965. I am happy that you have chosen to come back to your roots after all these years. The old city of Porvoo (Borgå), in age second only to our former capital Turku (Åbo), will offer a dignified and suitable environment for the Conference. The Technical Research Centre of Finland (VTT) was one of the founder organisations and has been a member ever since. We are very proud to be your host for this 40th anniversary conference and we will do our best to make it an unforgettable one both technically and socially. This publication contains a preprint of the 32 technical and scientific papers accepted for the Conference. The papers are unedited but have been delivered by the authors according to a strict format. The Proceedings of the Conference will be published afterwards by iarigai. At this stage I want to thank the Board of iarigai, and especially the Secretary General Mladen Lovrecek, for all the support we have received in the arrangement of the Conference. I also want to thank the official sponsors of the Conference – GTTS, Hansaprint Oy, KCL, M-real, SanomaWSOY, StoraEnso – who made the arrangement possible economically. Last but not least I want to thank my team at VTT – Hannele Antikainen, Sonja Kangas, Kaisa Falenius, Irja Grimme – for all their efforts and help. So enjoy the Conference, and let’s make it a special one together! Ulf Lindqvist Conference Director 3 Contents Preface 3 Session 1. Media Industry 7 The Media Industry as a Catalyst for Economic Growth U. Lindqvist, T. Siivonen Session 2. Offset Printing 19 Relationships between Blanket Surface, Ink Transfer, and Print Quality C. Mercier, E. Rousset, J. Kuczynski, J.-F. Bloch 21 The Print Attribute Analyses of Waterless Offset CD Printing Systems Y.-C. Hsieh, Y.-J. Wu 29 Studies of Ink Trapping II – Pinhole Formations on the Printed Surface I. Naito, Y. Nitta 45 Session 3. Gravure Printing 57 Benchmarking Gravure Cylinders vs. Web-offset Plates A. Bjurstedt 59 Gravure Printing: Material Characterisation for All-organic Capacitor M. Fenoll, R. Catusse, E. Rousset 83 The Effect of Speed and Viscocity on Line Quality in Rotogravure Printing with Reference to Printed Electronics T.C. Claypole, E. Jewell, G. Davies, V. Vigne 93 Session 4. Digital Printing 101 The Limiting Characteristics of Electrophotographic Systems and Direct Observation of Maximal Resolving Power A. Vannikov, A. Churkin, A. Grishina 103 Toner Transfer in Multi-colour Electrophotographic Printing P. Puukko, E. Hellén, J. Kallunki, M. Alava 111 Controlling Fusing Parameters by Optical Image Quality in Electrophotographic Printing H. Al-Rubaiey, P. Oittinen 121 Direct Laser Printing: New Opportunities of Competition with Mechanical Printing Equipment S.N. Maksimovsky, G.A. Radutsky, A.V. Berdovchtchikova, V.D. Katzman, O.R. Kharin 127 4 Session 5A. Colour Science 133 A New Method for Comparing Colour Gamuts among Printing Technologies E. Perales, E. Chorro, F. Martinez-Verdú, S. Otero, V. de Gracia 135 The Combination of Gravure or Some Ink-jet Screening and the Diffusion of Light in the Substrate Lead to an Experimentally Confirmed Increase of Printable Color Hues H. Mantler, J. Rodriguez Giles 143 Colour Rendering of Print Samples at Different Illumination G. Golob, M.K. Gunde, U.O. Krašovec, J. Ahtik, N. Gladek 163 Session 5B. Advances in Printing 173 Behaviour of Some Custom Programmed Screening Elements in Various Printing Systems I. Ziljak, K. Pap, D. Agic 175 Investigation of Corrosion in Print Production K. Dragčević, M. Lovreček, Đ. Dragčević 181 A Colour Separation Strategy for Reproduction of Printed Dynamic Images on Paper Substrate L. Johansson, B. Kruse 191 Session 6A. Colour Management 201 Test Charts and Photometric Tolerances for Colour Reliable Image Acquisition A. Kraushaar 203 Colour Management of Special Plastic Print Media in Practice of a Printing Company E. Novotny 211 The Influence of Monitor White Point Chromaticity on Color Appearance L. Mandić, M.S. Kurečić, S. Mahović, D. Agić 221 Session 6B. Inks and Inking 227 The Development of a Six Colour Ink System for Enhanced Colour Gamut M. Wilcox, T. Claypole, E. Jewell 229 Non-destructive Methods in the Study of IJ Ink – Substrate Interaction T. Muck, B. Lozo, L. Otáhalová, O. Držková, M. Kaplanová 239 A New Methodology for the Use of a Printability Tester for the Simulation of Flexographic Halftone Printing onto Film Substrates S.M. Hamblyn, D.C. Bould, T.C. Claypole, D.T. Gethin 249 5 Session 7A. Prepress and Workflow 261 Creation of an Industrialised Newspaper Production System B. Beckmann, M. Reiche 263 Closed Loop Control of Inking in Newspaper Presses J. Laine, I. Heikkilä, O. Nurmi 273 Quality Assured Digital Media Interchange between Press and Post Press Using JDF K. Holmqvist, T.E. Johansen, M. Brenden, B.E. Johannessen 293 Session 7B. Packaging 297 Optimisation of Folding Box Board Coatings for Electrophotographic Printing M.K. Güzelarslan 299 Influence of Different Factors on Unit Cost of Digitally Printed Packaging P. Lahtinen, A. Lehikoinen 311 Exploring Cross-media Concepts for Future Packaging – Challenges for the Printing Industry S. Nomikos, A.E. Politis, J. Darzentas, T. Spyrou, J. Darzentas 319 Session 8. Toward the Future 339 Reassessing the Value Constellation System – Magazine Publishers and the Media Convergence J. Saukkonen 341 Detection of Printed Codes with a Camera Phone L. Hakola, H. Linna 355 Reading with eBooks K. Pietilä, S. Timonen, A. Seisto, S. Nieminen 363 Media Use of Young University Students in Helsinki Area T. Kuula, A. Seisto, S. Nieminen 373 6 Session 1 Media Industry 7 8 The Media Industry as a Catalyst for Economic Growth Ulf Lindqvist, Timo Siivonen VTT Information Technology PO Box 1204 FIN-02044 VTT, Finland E-mail: [email protected], [email protected] 1. Introduction The rapid development in Information and Communication Technology (ICT) has enabled new media service forms, such as digital television, digital printing and cross media. On the other hand, it has also changed the value chain of the media industry and made the end product more modular. This, in turn, has enabled a decentralisation and outsourcing of the media processes. However, different companies may choose different competition strategies even in the same market situation. While some media companies concentrate on their core business and outsource as much as possible of their media production, others see managing the whole value chain as an important part of their strategy. The scope of this study was to analyse the structural changes in the media industry and allied branches, and to find the technology trends and business logics behind these changes. We also wanted to know whether the media sector could become an economic motor for other branches, e.g. by creating new Knowledge Intensive Business Services (KIBS). The project was carried out in close co-operation with eight Finnish companies representing both the media industry (printed and electronic media) and related branches, such as the forest industry, teleoperators and system suppliers. Although the approach angle was national, the value chain and the structural changes in the media business are today similar in most countries. The media branch is rapidly globalised. Therefore, most trends analysed here should be of interest also to an international audience of media experts. 2. Research methods In the first step theories about the dynamics of branch structures were studied.