The first volume: The action plan Table of contents Study area ....................................................................................................................................... i 66 reservoirs concerned by the study ............................................................................................. ii Table of contents .......................................................................................................................... iii List of tables and figures ............................................................................................................. vii Initials and abbreviations ...............................................................................................................x Exchange rate ............................................................................................................................. xiii Abstract .......................................................................................................................... Abstract -1 [Background] Chapter 1 : Introduction ............................................................................................................. 1-1 1.1 Context of the study .......................................................................................................... 1-1 1.2 Objectives of the study ...................................................................................................... 1-1 1.3 Study area ......................................................................................................................... 1-2 1.4 Calendar of execution of the activities of the study ............................................................ 1-2 1.5 Study support system ......................................................................................................... 1-4 1.5.1 Execution structures .................................................................................................... 1-4 1.5.2 Steering Committee..................................................................................................... 1-4 1.5.3 Assistance by academic and experienced experts in Japan ........................................... 1-4 1. 6 Structure of the final report ............................................................................................... 1-4 [Current condition] Chapter 2: Presentation of the study area ..................................................................................... 2-1 2.1 Natural area ....................................................................................................................... 2-1 2.1.1 Localization ................................................................................................................ 2-1 2.1.2 Topography, hydrology and soil .................................................................................. 2-1 2.1.3 Climate and vegetation ................................................................................................ 2-2 2.2 Socio cultural aspects ........................................................................................................ 2-4 2.2.1 Population................................................................................................................... 2-4 2.2.2 Ethnic group and religion ............................................................................................ 2-6 2.2.3 Characteristics of rural area ......................................................................................... 2-6 2.2.4 Health ......................................................................................................................... 2-8 2.2.5 Education .................................................................................................................... 2-9 2.2.6 Regional administrative organization......................................................................... 2-10 2.2.7 Land property ............................................................................................................ 2-11 2.2.8 Gender ...................................................................................................................... 2-13 2.3 General view of the economy .......................................................................................... 2-14 2.4 Primary industries ........................................................................................................... 2-16 2.4.1 Agriculture ................................................................................................................ 2-16 2.4.2 Live stock ................................................................................................................. 2-19 2.4.3 Forests ...................................................................................................................... 2-20 2.4.4 Fishing ...................................................................................................................... 2-21 2.5 Strategies and national policies in terms of rural development .......................................... 2-23 2.5.1 Poverty Reduction Strategy ....................................................................................... 2-24 2.5.2 Rural Development Strategy ..................................................................................... 2-25 2.5.3 Other policies relative to the rural development ......................................................... 2-27 2.5.4 Special Program of the President of the Republic ...................................................... 2-29 2.6 Ministries concerned by the rural development ................................................................ 2-31 2.6.1 Ministries concerned by the rural development .......................................................... 2-31 iii 2.6.2 Budget ...................................................................................................................... 2-31 2.6.3 Attributions ............................................................................................................... 2-31 2.6.4 Directorates concerned by the rural development....................................................... 2-34 2.6.5 Human resources for the rural development ............................................................... 2-34 2.7 The actual tendency of financial donors and NGOs in the rural sector .............................. 2-36 2.7.1 The actual tendency of financial donors ..................................................................... 2-36 2.7.2 Actual tendency of NGOs.......................................................................................... 2-41 Chapter 3 : Current situation of the water reservoir and categorzation.......................................... 3-1 3.1 Situation of the construction .............................................................................................. 3-1 3.1.1 First phase .................................................................................................................. 3-1 3.1.2 Second phase .............................................................................................................. 3-2 3.1.3 Third phase ................................................................................................................. 3-3 3.1.4 Water reservoirs object of this study ............................................................................ 3-3 3.2 Classification..................................................................................................................... 3-4 3.2.1 Mode of storage of the water reservoir ........................................................................ 3-4 3.2.2 State of sand accumulation (problem of the weirs) ....................................................... 3-6 3.2.3 Period of storage (problem of the small scale dams) .................................................... 3-7 3.2.4 State of deterioration of the reservoirs (problem concerning the small scale dams and the weirs) .............................................................................................................. 3-8 3.2.5 Objectives of the construction of water reservoirs at ends other than agricultural ......... 3-8 3.2.6 Categorization ............................................................................................................. 3-8 Chapter 4: Current state of the villages around water reservoirs and the constraints for their development ............................................................................................................................ 4-1 4.1 Current situation of the practice of agriculture and constraints to development ................... 4-1 4.1.1 Ethnic composition of the prevalent benefit villages of the water reservoirs ................. 4-1 4.1.2 Rainfed agriculture...................................................................................................... 4-2 4.1.3 Dry season agriculture................................................................................................. 4-5 4.1.4 Constraints as regards management of agriculture .................................................... 4-10 4.2 Present situation of marketing and constraints to development ......................................... 4-11 4.2.1 Outdistance market and numbers sites of works of water reservoir ............................. 4-11 4.2.2 Current situation of marketing .................................................................................