Tilburg University Aggiornamento? Schelkens, K.; Dick, J.A.; Mettepenningen, Jürgen DOI: 10.1163/9789004254114 Publication date: 2014 Document Version Peer reviewed version Link to publication in Tilburg University Research Portal Citation for published version (APA): Schelkens, K., Dick, J. A., & Mettepenningen, J. (2014). Aggiornamento? Catholicism from Gregory XVI to Benedict XVI. (Brill’s Series in Church History; Vol. 63). 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Dick and Jürgen Mettepenningen - 978-90-04-25411-4 Downloaded from Brill.com05/16/2020 02:00:59PM via Universiteit van Tilburg Brill’s Series in Church History Edited by Wim Janse VU University Amsterdam In cooperation with Jan Wim Buisman, Leiden Theo Clemens, Utrecht/Antwerpen Paul van Geest, Amsterdam/Tilburg Alastair Hamilton, London R. Ward Holder, Manchester, NH Scott Mandelbrote, Cambridge, UK Andrew Pettegree, St. Andrews VOLUME 63 The titles published in this series are listed at brill.com/bsch Karim Schelkens, John A. Dick and Jürgen Mettepenningen - 978-90-04-25411-4 Downloaded from Brill.com05/16/2020 02:00:59PM via Universiteit van Tilburg Aggiornamento? Catholicism from Gregory XVI to Benedict XVI By Karim Schelkens, John A. Dick, and Jürgen Mettepenningen With an Afterword by David G. Schultenover LEIDEN • BOSTON 2013 Karim Schelkens, John A. Dick and Jürgen Mettepenningen - 978-90-04-25411-4 Downloaded from Brill.com05/16/2020 02:00:59PM via Universiteit van Tilburg Cover illustration: (c) Wikimedia Commons, (c) Archives Centre for the Study of Vatican II, KU Leuven, (c) Archives Saulchoir, Paris. This publication has been typeset in the multilingual “Brill” typeface. With over 5,100 characters covering Latin, IPA, Greek, and Cyrillic, this typeface is especially suitable for use in the humanities. For more information, please see www.brill.com/brill-typeface. ISSN 1572–4107 ISBN 978-90-04-25410-7 (hardback) ISBN 978-90-04-25411-4 (e-book) Copyright 2013 by Koninklijke Brill NV, Leiden, The Netherlands. Koninklijke Brill NV incorporates the imprints Brill, Global Oriental, Hotei Publishing, IDC Publishers and Martinus Nijhoff Publishers. All rights reserved. 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Dick and Jürgen Mettepenningen - 978-90-04-25411-4 Downloaded from Brill.com05/16/2020 02:00:59PM via Universiteit van Tilburg CONTENTS Acknowledgements ....................................................................................... vii Abbreviations .................................................................................................. ix Introduction .................................................................................................... 1 I. Moving toward Vatican I: Ultramontanism versus Liberalism 7 1. Gregory XVI and the Difficult Heritage of the Enlightenment ................................................................................... 7 2. Ultramontanist Catholicism in the Era of Pius IX ................. 28 3. Catholic Theological Currents on the Eve of Vatican I ........ 39 4. The First Vatican Council 1869–70 ............................................. 44 5. Vatican I’s Forgotten Agenda ....................................................... 57 II. Struggling with Modernity .................................................................. 61 1. Leo XIII: On the Threshold of the Twentieth Century ......... 61 2. Neo-Thomism after Vatican I ....................................................... 70 3. Pius X: A Reform Pope ................................................................... 74 4. Modernism and Anti-Modernism ............................................... 77 III. World War One and the Interbellum .............................................. 89 1. Benedict XV: A War-Time Pope ................................................... 89 2. The Pope versus Totalitarian Politics ........................................ 92 3. Catholic Theology during the Interbellum ............................... 96 IV. Renewal and Condemnation .............................................................. 101 1. Pius XII: A New Dawn .................................................................... 101 2. The Era of the Movements ............................................................ 106 V. Vatican II: The Signs of the Times .................................................... 127 1. Calling for Aggiornamento ............................................................ 127 2. Vatican II: Convocation and Procedures .................................. 129 3. The Council under John XXIII ..................................................... 135 4. The Council under Paul VI ............................................................ 145 5. Renewal and Tradition: From Syllabus to Counter-Syllabus 160 Karim Schelkens, John A. Dick and Jürgen Mettepenningen - 978-90-04-25411-4 Downloaded from Brill.com05/16/2020 02:00:59PM via Universiteit van Tilburg vi contents VI. A Decade of Crisis ................................................................................ 163 1. Dialogue as Leitmotiv .................................................................... 163 2. Discovering the Religious Other ................................................. 168 3. A Multifaceted Crisis: The Difficult Implementation of the Council ........................................................................................ 170 VII. Facing Pluralism: Catholicism from John Paul I to Benedict XVI ........................................................................................... 183 1. The Year of Three Popes ............................................................... 183 2. Pope John Paul II ............................................................................. 187 3. Theology’s Revised Topology ....................................................... 198 4. Benedict XVI: The Papacy in the Internet-Age ...................... 209 Afterword ......................................................................................................... 215 David G. Schultenover Bibliography .................................................................................................... 225 Index of Names ............................................................................................... 239 Karim Schelkens, John A. Dick and Jürgen Mettepenningen - 978-90-04-25411-4 Downloaded from Brill.com05/16/2020 02:00:59PM via Universiteit van Tilburg ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS With the present volume the authors hope to offer something unique, a history that connects the history of the Roman Catholic institutional Church with theological reflection: Church history and historical theol- ogy. Such an undertaking means writing about people, their actions, and their thoughts often in a summary fashion. Doing so requires an informed respect for people back then as well as today, and writing about them with a degree of humble trepidation that we were taught so well by one of our former professors and fellow church historians, Boudewijn Dehand- schutter († 2011). In the very first place, we dedicate this book to him. The myth of the lone scholar was punctured long ago. Writers are indebted to teachers, colleagues, intellectual sparring partners, and other authors of books and articles. We thank first of all those who have given our manuscript a careful and critical reading: Dr. Leo Declerck (Katholieke Universiteit Leuven, and doctor honoris causa of Johannes-Gutenberg- Universität Mainz), Prof. Dr. Philippe Chenaux (Lateran University), Dr. Michael Quisinsky (Albert-Ludwigs-Universität Freiburg), Prof. Dr. Paul Van Geest (Tilburg University), Prof. Dr. David G. Schultenover (Mar- quette University). We thank them all for their supportive interest in our project and for their constructive criticism and helpful suggestions. Many special thanks to Dries Bosschaert, for his assistance in fine-tuning our manuscript and in creating a name index that will greatly assist the reader who needs to quickly check about a key personality living and working in the time frame of our book. We are greatly honored that, after reading our text, David G. Schulten-