Archaeological Impact Assessment of DjSc-1, Shelter Point, Texada Island BC – Public Copy Permit 2013-0162 Prepared for: Powell River Regional District, Prepared by: Colleen Parsley, October 2013 Archaeological Impact Assessment of DjSc-1, Shelter Point Project, 2013 Note: The copyright owner may be the corporate employer of the report author, the client for whom the report was written, the actual author, or the Province of British Columbia if written while employed by the Province. Grant of License I, Colleen Parsley confirm that I am the copyright owner (or a copyright owner) of this permit report, and for good and valuable consideration I irrevocably grant a non-exclusive license to the Province of British Columbia, for a term equal to the life of the copyright commencing on the date of execution below, to make copies of the reports, including all appendices and photos, and to provide such copies to anyone, at the discretion of the Province, either at no charge or at the cost incurred by the Province in making and distributing the copies. All parties, except the party for whom the report was prepared, acknowledge that any use or interpretation of this report is at the sole risk and liability of the subsequent user(s). Executed August 30, 2013 by 2 Archaeological Impact Assessment of DjSc-1, Shelter Point Project, 2013 Table of Contents Credits 5 Acknowledgements 7 Management Summary 8 1.0 INTRODUCTION 1 1.1 Study Objectives 1 1.2 Organizational Format 1 2.0 PROPOSED PROJECT 2 3.0 STUDY AREA 7 3.1 Terrain 7 3.2 Ecology 7 3.3 Paleoenvironmental 8 3.4 Cultural Overview 10 3.5 Historical Overview 15 3.6 Archaeological Overview 19 Background of DjSc-1 21 Regional Archaeology 21 3.6.4. Lang Bay Site (pending registration) 24 3.6.5 Saltery Bay – DkSb-30 25 Summary of Regional Studies 25 4.0 METHODOLOGY 26 4.1 Documentary Research 26 4.2 Ethnological (traditional use) data 26 4.3 Surface Inspection 26 4.4 Subsurface Inspection 27 4.5 Site Significance Evaluation 28 4.6 Impact Identification and Assessment 28 5.0 RESOURCE INVENTORY – RESULTS 28 5.1 Physical Location and Setting 28 5.2 Study Areas 32 5.2.1 AREA 1 34 5.2.2 AREA 2 40 3 Archaeological Impact Assessment of DjSc-1, Shelter Point Project, 2013 5.2.3 AREA 3 41 5.2.4 AREA 4 (Proposed Development Area) 44 5.2.5 AREA 5 46 5.2.6 AREA 6 47 5.3 Distribution of Cultural Materials 47 5.4 Extent of Intact Deposits 48 5.5 Features 51 5.5.1 Cultural Habitation Features 51 5.5.2 Excavation Unit and Hearth Feature 53 5.5.3 CMT 57 5.6 Artifacts 57 Bone Artifacts 66 5.7 Faunal Analysis 68 6.0 CONCLUSIONS 73 7.0 RESOURCE EVALUATION - SIGNIFICANCE 75 8.0 IMPACT ASSESSMENT 76 9.0 RECOMMENDATIONS 77 10.0 PUBLISHED SOURCES 79 APPENDIX 1: GILLIES BAY STONE HUMAN SCULPTURE 88 APPENDIX 2: ARTIFACT AND FAUNAL CATALOGUE 89 APPENDIX 3: FAUNAL ANALYSIS 106 APPENDIX 4: SHOVEL TEST LOG 113 APPENDIX 5: CMT LOG 129 APPENDIX 6: AMS DATE 130 4 Archaeological Impact Assessment of DjSc-1, Shelter Point Project, 2013 List of Tables and Figures Figure 1. Project Location. 3 Figure 2. Proposed Residence. 4 Figure 3. Proposed Concession Building. 5 Figure 4. Study Area. 6 Figure 5. Salish Sea level data. 10 Figure 6. Ethno-cultural Region. 12 Figure 7. Wharf built in 1912. 17 Figure 8. Park in 1910-1930. S 18 Figure 9. Log Dump Located in Mouat Bay. Error! Bookmark not defined. Table 1. Archaeological Sequence for the Salish Sea. 19 Table 2. Recorded Archaeological Sites Found in the Vicinity of the Study Area. 22 Figure 10. Recorded Archaeological Sites on Texada Island. Removed for public copy. 23 Table 3: Summary of Archaeological Sites in the Region of the Study Area. Removed for public copy. 24 Figure 11. Results overview. 31 Table 4. Summary of Test Locations. 32 Figure 12. Test Locations. 33 Figure 13. Area 1. 34 Figure 14. Area 2. 35 Figure 15. Area 3 Results 37 Figure 16. Area 4 Results. 38 Figure 17. Area 5. 38 Figure 18. Area 6. 39 Table 5. Area 2 Artifact Summary 40 Table 6: Area 3 Artifact Summary 42 Table 7. Area 4 Artifact Summary 45 Figure 19 Distribution of Cultural Material by Area 48 Figure 20. Frequency of Intact Versus Disturbed Deposits. 48 Figure 21. Artifact Densities and Distribution across DjSc-1. 49 Figure 22. Site disturbance. 50 Figure 23. Habitation Features. 51 Figure 22. Habitation Features. 51 Figure 23. Habitation Features. 51 Figure 24. Habitation Features. 52 Figure 25 EU#1 Photos. 54 Figure 26. EU #1 West Profile. 55 Figure 27. EU#1 South Wall Profile. 56 Figure 28. CMT #1 Pitch Collection Tree 57 Figure 29. Stone Tool Summary. 58 Figure 30. Lithic Material Type Frequency. 58 Figure 31. Cat# 537. 59 Figure 32. Cat#541 & 496. 59 Figure 33. Cat# 538. 59 Figure 35. Cat#550. 59 Figure 36. Cat# 534. 60 Figure 37. Cat #239. 60 5 Archaeological Impact Assessment of DjSc-1, Shelter Point Project, 2013 Figure 38. Cat #551. 60 Figure 39. CAt #539. 60 Figure 40. cat #564. 60 Figure 41. Cat #525. 61 Figure 42. Cat #501. 61 Figure 43. Cat #213. 61 Figure 44. Cat #341. 61 Figure 45. Scrapers. 62 Figure 46. Quartz Artifact. 64 Figure 47. Glass and Quartz. 64 Figure 48. Cat # 548. 64 Figure 49. Cat#560. 64 Figure 50. Cat #545. 64 Figure 51. Cat # 542. 65 Figure 52. cat #559. 65 Figure 53. Cat #214. 66 Figure 54. Cat #561. 66 Table 8. Summary of Bone Artifacts. 66 Figure 55.Bone Artifact Photos. 66 Figure 56. Faunal Butchery Evidence. 67 Credits Project Manager ................................................................................................................ Colleen Parsley Report Author………………………………………………………………………………………………………………......Colleen Parsley Permit Holder ......................................................................................................................... Brian Vivian Field Director………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….Brian Vivian Field Supervisor ................................................................................................................. Colleen Parsley Field Crew ....................................................................................... Jason Francis (Sliammon First Nation) Field Crew ........................................................... Erik Blaney (Sliammon First Nation, I’Hos Solutions Ltd.) Field Crew………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………Paul Ewonus Ph.D Faunal Analysis……………………….………………………………………………………………………………………………Paul Ewonus Report Contributor (Faunal Section)…………………………………………………………………….…………………Paul Ewonus Artifact Analysis………………………………………………………………………………………………………………...Colleen Parsley Report Editor .......................................................................................................................... Brian Vivian 6 Archaeological Impact Assessment of DjSc-1, Shelter Point Project, 2013 Artifact Photos……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….Brian Kehoe GIS and Graphics ............................................................................................................... Colleen Parsley Acknowledgements Aquilla Archaeology would like to thank the Powell River Regional District for initiating this project and Tla’amin First Nation and specifically Craig Galligos and Erik Blaney for facilitating and supporting the project. The author would like to thank Erik Blaney and Jason Francis for the hard work and field support. Many thanks to Paul Ewonus for helping out and of course to Brian Vivian for overall project support. Special thanks to project officers Paula Thorogood, Eric Forgeng and Steven Acheson at the Archaeology Branch for the permit management support. Last but not least, thank you to the residents of Gillies Bay for your patience during our fieldwork program. 7 Archaeological Impact Assessment of DjSc-1, Shelter Point Project, 2013 Management Summary This report describes the results from the Archaeological Impact Assessment (AIA) conducted by Aquilla Archaeology, June 26 – July 3, 2013 under Heritage Inspection Permit 2013-0162, Shelter Point, Texada Island. The Powell River Regional District is proposing to develop new facilities in Section 16, Shelter Point Regional Park located in Gillies Bay on Texada Island. The proponent’s proposed plans include replacing a residence and concession building which burned down in 2012 and installing a new septic system and service adjacent to previously recorded archaeological site DjSc-1 estimated to be 50 x 20 metres. The assessment was conducted June 25- July 3 2013. Field work included pedestrian survey of Section 16 of Shelter Point Park achieving 100% survey coverage. The boundaries of DjSc-1 were tested in a subsurface program which included 85 shovel tests, 1 evaluative unit and 10 backhoe tests. Of the subsurface shovel tests, 43 were positive for subsurface cultural material. Of the backhoe tests, 4 were positive for subsurface cultural material. Depth of cultural deposits was on average 80 cm however some shovel tests were unable to reach sterile sediments. Results from the testing program have amended the boundary of DjSc-1 to measure 442 metres N/S x 175 metres E/W. Above ground habitation features are present in the form of house depressions and exposed midden mounds arranged in three avenues running parallel to the present shoreline. This area was clearly a village consisting of several longhouses and may represent the best preserved example of village cultural topography that survives on the south coast. The habitation features are outside of the proposed development area and not subsurface tested. One confirmed culturally modified Douglas-fir pitch collection tree estimated to be 250 years