Radiocarbon An International Journal of Cosmogenic Isotope Research VOLUME 44 / NUMBER 2 / 2002 Special Section Old and New World Connections pp 403–530 Editor Guest edited by Yaroslav V Kuzmin A J T JULL Associate Editors J WARREN BECK GEORGE S BURR Managing Editor KIMBERLEY TANNER ELLIOTT Assistant Editor AGNIESZKA P BAIER Department of Geosciences The University of Arizona 4717 East Fort Lowell Road Tucson, Arizona 85712-1201 USA ISSN: 0033-8222 RADIOCARBON An International Journal of Cosmogenic Isotope Research Editor: A J T JULL Associate Editors: J WARREN BECK and GEORGE S BURR Managing Editor: KIMBERLEY TANNER ELLIOTT Assistant Editor: AGNIESZKA P BAIER Subscriptions and Sales Managers: KASHO SANTA CRUZ and KRISTA LINDSAY Published by Department of Geosciences The University of Arizona Published three times a year at The University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85712-1201 USA. © 2002 by the Arizona Board of Regents on behalf of the University of Arizona. All rights reserved. Cover image of Old and New World projectiles designed by Yaroslav V Kuzmin (see page 403). Adapted in part from an image of a Mesa-site projectile point in an article by Michael L Kunz and Richard E Reanier, “The Mesa Site, Iteriak Creek” in American Beginnings: The Prehistory and Palaeoecology of Beringia, edited by Frederick Hadleigh West, p 497–504. © 1996 University of Chicago Press. All rights reserved. Subscription rate (2003): $175.00 (institutions), $80.00 (individuals). Foreign postage is extra. A complete price list, including proceedings of international conferences, special publications and back issues, appears on the inside back cover of this issue. Advertising rates available upon request, or see www.radiocarbon.org/ adrates.html. Missing issues will be replaced without charge only if claim is made within three months (six months for India, New Zealand, and Australia) after the publication date. 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Vo l 44 , N r 2 Radiocarbon 2002 CONTENTS EDITORIAL BOARD . iii SPECIAL SECTION Old and New World Connections Introduction Yaroslav V Kuzmin . 403 Initial Human Colonization of the Americas: an Overview of the Issues and the Evidence Stuart J Fiedel. 407 Radiocarbon Dates from the Ice-Free Corridor Thomas G Arnold . 437 Dating the First Australians Richard Gillespie . 455 Radiocarbon Dates from Paleolithic Sites in Korea Kidong Bae . 473 Radiocarbon Dates and Archaeology of the Late Pleistocene in the Japanese Islands Akira Ono, Hiroyuki Sato, Takashi Tsutsumi, Yuichiro Kudo . 477 Peopling of Western Japan, Focusing on Kyushu, Shikoku, and Ryukyu Archipelago Hiroto Takamiya, Hiromi Obata . 495 Radiocarbon-Based Chronology of the Paleolithic of Siberia and its Relevance to the Peopling of the New World Sergey A Vasil’ev, Yaroslav V Kuzmin, Lyubov A Orlova, Vyacheslav N Dementiev . 503 ARTICLES Archaeology New radiocarbon dates from the Balkans (Dubene-Sarovka) (Approach to the Early Bronze Absolute Chronology in Upper Thrace) Lolita Nikolova, Jochen Görsdorf. 531 Radiocarbon Dates from the Jewish Catacombs of Rome Leonard V Rutgers, Arie F M De Jong, Klaas van der Borg . 541 Radiocarbon and Stable Isotope Analyses on the Earliest Jomon Skeletons from the Tochibara Rockshelter, Nagano, Japan Minoru Yoneda, Masashi Hirota, Masao Uchida, Atsushi Tanaka, Yasuyuki Shibata, Masatoshi Morita, Takeru Akazawa . 549 Climate Studies 14C Levels at Mt Chiak and Mt Kyeryong in Korea J H Park, J C Kim, M K Cheoun, I C Kim, M Youn, Y H Liu, E S Kim . 559 i Corals and Shells Radiocarbon Dating of Deep-Sea Corals Jess F Adkins, Shelia Griffin, Michaele Kashgarian, Hai Cheng, E R M Druffel, E A Boyle, R Lawrence Edwards, Chuan-Chou Shen. 567 Pre-Bomb Radiocarbon Variability Inferred from a Kenyan Coral Record Nancy S Grumet, Thomas P Guilderson, Robert B Dunbar . 581 NOTES, COMMENTS, AND LETTERS Correcting for Contamination in AMS 14C Dating Ken Mueller, Paul Muzikar . 591 Comment on “Determination of the Radiocarbon Age of Parchment of the Vinland Map” K R Ludwig . 597 Letter to the Editor (on Dating the Vinland Map Parchment) Janet Ambers, Sheridan Bowman . 599 DATE LIST Rudjer BoškoviÈ Institute Radiocarbon Measurements XV %RJRPLO2EHOLÈInes Krajcar BroniÈNada HorvatinÊiÈ . 601 RADIOCARBON UPDATES . 631 ii EDITORIAL BOARD EDOUARD BARD Aix-en-Provence, France CHRISTOPHER BRONK RAMSEY Oxford, England OWEN K DAVIS Tucson, Arizona, USA ELLEN R M DRUFFEL Irvine, California, USA PIETER GROOTES Kiel, Germany YAROSLAV KUZMIN Vladivostok, Russia STEVEN W LEAVITT Tucson, Arizona, USA TOSHIO NAKAMURA Nagoya, Japan ANN P McNICHOL Woods Hole, Massachusetts, USA PAVEL POVINEC Bratislava, Slovakia Monaco MICHAEL B SCHIFFER Tucson, Arizona, USA E MARIAN SCOTT Glasgow, Scotland RODGER SPARKS Lower Hutt, New Zealand JOHANNES VAN DER PLICHT Groningen, The Netherlands JOHN S VOGEL Livermore, California, USA WEIJIAN ZHOU Xi’an, China iii RADIOCARBON, Vol 44, Nr 2, 2002, Pages 403–631 RADIOCARBON, Vol 44, Nr 2, 2002, p 403–405 © 2002 by the Arizona Board of Regents on behalf of the University of Arizona INTRODUCTION Yaroslav V Kuzmin Special section guest editor Pacific Institute of Geography, Far Eastern Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Radio St. 7, Vladivostok 690041, Russia. Email: [email protected] Oh, East is East, and West is West, and never the twain shall meet, Till Earth and Sky stand presently at God's great Judgment Seat; But there is neither East nor West, Border, nor Breed, nor Birth, When two strong men stand face to face, tho’ they come from the ends of the earth! —Rudyard Kipling “The Ballad of East and West” The idea to assemble this special section came to my mind in May 2000, when I was at the NSF-Ari- zona AMS Facility at the University of Arizona in Tucson, Arizona, USA, and organizing the com- plete set of Radiocarbon collected by Prof Douglas J Donahue in the laboratory. At the time, I was a “freshman” on the journal’s editorial board. Before that, I was involved in several projects, dealing with the peopling of North America, under IREX and Fulbright fellowships. Having seen several special issues, “Calibration” 1986, 1993, and 1998 issues; “Paleoastrophysics and Paleogeophys- ics”; “14C Cycling and the Oceans”; “Varves/Comparison”, etc., I thought: “Why has an important subject, like the 14C evidence of the peopling of the New World, never had the opportunity to be the focus of a Radiocarbon special issue?” Fortunately, this raw idea was immediately supported by the journal’s editor, A J T Jull, and was finally approved by the editorial board at a business meeting, held at the Ma’ale Hachamicha Hotel in the Judean Hills near Jerusalem on 20 June 2000. After a search for possible contributors (some of were invited, some contacted Radiocarbon after seeing the announcement on the journal’s webpage), work started on this subject. Two and a half years later, we have a collection of papers that constitute the special section, “Old and New World Connections”. Since the Old World is essentially in the East, and the New World in the West, they did not get along well in post-WWII times, an echo of the Cold War. Nowadays, there is no more “stand face to face” as is mentioned in the epigraph; we instead cooperate in the study of the com- plex and intriguing process of the peopling of the New World, and this is a good example of such joint efforts. It is also reflected in the special section’s logo (see the front cover of this issue), where two well-known artifact types, the wedge-shaped microcore of the Dyuktai culture of Yakutia and the lanceolate projectile point from the Mesa site of Alaska, represent two sides of the same story— human migration from West to East, from the Old World to the New one. In this special section, the Old World means Asia (Japan, Korea, and the Asiatic part of Russia), and the New World consists of the Americas and Australia. All papers generally follow the “Out of Asia” scenario, assuming that Asia was the source of the initial peopling for both the Americas and Australia. The main focus here is the 14C chronology of the prehistoric occupation, with emphasis on the earliest evidences of human presence in Asia, North and South America, and Australia, within the limit of 14C dating, about the last 45,000–50,000 14C years. S J Fiedel presents a comprehensive critical review of the peopling of the Americas, with extensive use of the 14C data corpus from Paleoindian complexes and from other early sites.