The lime tree avenue at Dauntsey’s School WEST LAVINGTON AND LITTLETON PANELL CONSERVATION AREA STATEMENT January 2003 © Crown copyright. All rights reserved Kennet District Council LA078328 2003 INTRODUCTION The purpose of this Statement is to identify and record those special qualities of West Lavington and Littleton Panell that make up their architectural and historic character. This is important in providing a sound basis for the Local Plan policies and development decisions, as well as for the formulation of proposals for the preservation and enhancement of the character or appearance of the area. The Conservation Area was originally designated in 1975 with minor boundary changes brought into effect during 1989. This Statement is a review of the West Lavington and Littleton Panell Conservation Area and is intended for all those with an interest in the villages, or undertaking work on the buildings, landscape, roads or public spaces. It is also essential reading for anyone contemplating development within the area. By drawing attention to the distinctive features of West Lavington and Littleton Panell it is intended that their characters will be protected and enhanced for the benefit of this and future generations. Location of the villages The Semington Brook off Duck Street Littleton Panell is the northern of the two villages combined under West Lavington as a single parish and physically joined by the A360 road to Salisbury. It is six miles south of Devizes at the junction of the east to west B3098 road from Westbury to Urchfont and extends to the foot of the hill leading up to Salisbury Plain. Geology and topography West Lavington lies on the spring line below the north scarp slope of Salisbury Plain. It is predominantly on the Upper Greensand, with an outcrop of Lower Chalk in the south-east of the village. Loam overlays Greensand in the grounds of West Lavington Manor. Chalk and flint quarried on the Plain, as well as Greensand stone, are found in the construction of traditional buildings and in early road building around the village. Water issues from several springs near the foot of the scarp and flows north through the southern part of the village in the Semington Brook to a broad wooded valley to the east where it passes over the weirs of two former water mills to join a tributary from Market Lavington and into the Avon Valley. From a low point where the brook passes out of the Manor grounds the village of West Lavington is situated on ground rising towards Strawberry Hill in the west and along High Street to the north. The high point of the Conservation Area is near its boundary on the Cheverell Road. The contiguous High Streets Duck Street between Greensand banks of the villages run north-south along an east facing slope of the valley overlooking the brook. A turn west in the slope leading down into the clay predates the main road through the village. vale defines the northern end of Littleton Panell. Archaeology Several archaeological finds have been recorded in and around the villages. nd th The earliest being a settlement site of the 2 - 4 century that was excavated in the nearby grounds of Market Lavington Manor House. The northern part of Littleton Panell is identified as the site of a late-medieval settlement. A small medieval pot was unearthed at ‘Highfield’. A mound thought to be a post-medieval garden feature was found at Littleton House together with several prehistoric and Romano-British artifacts. A Bronze Age rapier fragment was discovered in the garden of 10 Sandfield and a Romano-British coin recorded at 17 Rickbarton. Unidentified curved Rickbarton and linear earthworks were found in the pasture north east of A’Becketts Farm. 2 ORIGINS AND DEVELOPMENT OF THE VILLAGES Domesday Book 1086 records that land including two water mills at ‘Liteltone’ was held by a William of Aldrie, a tenant of William d’Eu. In 1253 the King gave William Paynel a ‘seisin’ of ‘Liteltone’ until in the early th 14 century when it was conveyed to Lord Hastings of Abergavenny. At this time Littleton House was first mentioned, although the present house dates from the 17th century at the time that the estate was conveyed to the vicar of Potterne towards his ‘living’. The builder of the original house at A’Beckett’s was a William Beckett in the West Lavington old village from the tower of th 16 century although the present house largely dates from a rebuilding in All Saints Church. 1904. By 1771 the village comprised the principal estates of Littleton The meadow where mediaeval cottages stood Tytherliegh and Littleton Beckett’s. Littleton Panell developed around the farmsteads principally of Littleton House and A’Becketts. Labourers’ cottages were developed along the east side of the Bath to Sarum coach road, later to become High Street, during the 19th century and included a smithy, th shops and other businesses related to agriculture. Building in the late 19 century extended southwards along this High Street. Infilling on the east side th continued into the 20 century and low density residential development has, within the last 60 years, spread to the backland and on to the west side. West Lavington was originally part of a large estate held by Queen Edith wife of Edward the Confessor known as Laventone that in 1086 included both the present day Lavington villages. When by the end of the century the Bishop of Salisbury had become chief tenant in the west village, it was known as Bishop’s Laventone. It was first referred to as West Lavington in about 1628 to distinguish it from East Lavington now Market Lavington. West th The 17 century east wing of A’Beckett’s was Lavington has also been called Lavington Dauntsey and Lavington Episcopi. restored and extended into a mansion in 1904 The village developed up to the end of the 17th century around the springs at the foot of the hill in the area of Rutts Lane, Stibb Hill, Duck Street in the south east and All Saint’s Road, Church Lane and White Street in the north west. Buildings then included the 12th century parish Church of All Saints, both Manor Houses, Parsonage House and Dial House. From there the village lanes led south and west to outlying farms, to the chalk arable land and to the numerous chalk and flint pits on Salisbury Plain and up to the Ridgeway. Stibb Hill lies on the now disused route through the village from St Joan a’Gores Cross on the Ridgeway to Market Lavington east of the Semington brook valley. In 1689 a fire devastated much of the medieval village off Stibb Hill and is now identifiable only by uneven ground in an empty meadow. th Mid 19 century Cottages Russell Mill Lane Today’s north to south route has evolved into a main road through use of parts Littleton Panell of the old network of lanes. New cuttings in the hilly terrain were made in the 1800s in Church Street, and beside Hunts House to improve the coach road to St Joan a’Gores Cross. Evidence of this is the tortuous course it takes through the several junctions with the lanes, through pinch points and between buildings at obtuse alignments. Since the 18th century, West Lavington has largely developed along the Bath to Sarum road northwards on the west valley slope above the Semington Brook. th The Old Manor dates from the 14 century and the ‘new’ Manor House was built by John and Margaret Dauntsey in the 16th century. After 1628 it was extended by Sir John Danvers and his wife Elizabeth who was also a Dauntsey. The Parish Church of All Saints has a nave dating from the 12th century, side aisles are largely 13th and early 14th century with a reworking in 1847. There are chantry and side chapels to the Beckett and Dauntsey families of the 15th and 16th century. Dauntsey’s Court. Former almshouses first endowed by William Dauntsey in 1542. The buildings of 1831 converted in the 1970s 3 William Dauntsey was a philanthropist and in his will of 1542 provided for a school, a school-master and eight almshouses on ground north of the vicarage in Church Street all administered by the Mercers’ Company. Former almshouse buildings dated 1831 still exist as private houses on this site. In 1854 a school was provided by Jacob Pleydell-Bouverie and Lord Folkestone in the High Street. Dauntsey’s Charity was reorganized in 1887 and provided for an Agricultural School and a new elementary school. These were built on land off the Cheverell Road in 1898 for 400 pupils in buildings designed by C E Ponting and today form the main block of Dauntsey’s School. In the late 20th century the Local Education Authority built a new school off Sandfield Road which is now the Dauntsey’s Aided Primary The 1854 School in West Lavington School and the 1854 building has become Dauntsey’s School Art now Dauntsey’s School Art Department Department. The wooded southern part of West Lavington lies in a hollow below Salisbury Plain THE LANDSCAPE SETTING Littleton Panell is defined in the north by a wooded hillside rising out of the Avon Vale. The straight High Street is excavated out of the slope close to the top of an east facing valley side of meadows leading down to the wooded banks of the Semington brook. On the west side of the street the valley slope rises to a continuous rim, which is the boundary with relatively level open farmland that extends away to the west.