ENVIRONMENTAL RISKS FOR SOCIOECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT PROCEEDINGS OF THE 3rd Russian-Japanese (2nd sTEPS) CollaboRaTion seminaR foR susTainable enviRonmenT Editorial Board: Kiichiro Hatoyama, Yu.L. Mazurov MSU Publishers, 2018 УДК 504.06 ББК 20.18 The publication is carried out with a support of the Fund of Protection of Lake Baikal (Russia) and professor Mikhail SLIPENCHUK (Lomonosov Mos- cow State University). Environmental Risks for Socioeconomic Development: Pro- ceedings of the 3rd Russian-Japanese (2nd STEPS) Collaboration Seminar for Sustainable Environment / Hatoyama, K. and Yu.L. Mazurov (Eds.). — M.: MSU Publishers, 2018. — 280 p. This volume presents the original academic and applied results in the field of environmental management for sustainable development obtained by Japanese and Russian researchers from the University of Tokyo and the Lomonosov Moscow State University. Materials included in the volume were presented at the 3rd (2nd STEPS) Russian-Japanese Collaboration Seminar for Sustainable Environment held in Moscow, Russia, 8-10 August 2016. The book is intended for researches, high-school teachers and students, all other readers interested in the engineering for green development and close fields. ISBN 978-5-90363-194-0 All rights reserved © 2018 K. Hatoyama and Yu.L. Mazurov © 2018 Lomonosov Moscow State University The 3rd Russian-Japanese (2nd STEPS) Collaboration Seminar for Sustainable Environment International Scientific Seminar held in Moscow, Russia, 8-10 August 2016 ORGANIZED BY • Department of Nature Management, Faculty of Geography, Lomonosov Moscow State University • Department of Civil Engineering, The University of Tokio STEERING COMMITTEE: • H. Kato and M. Slipenchuk (co-chairs), • S. Chalov, K. Hatoyama, S. Kirillov, Yu. Mazurov, and А. Pakina ORGANIZING TEAM: • A. Klishina (coordinator), • E. Glukhova (secretary of the Editorial Board), • O. Garmaeva, R. Mamedov, and O. Zverkov The 3rd Russian-Japanese Collaboration Seminar for Sustainable Environment ENVIRONMENTAL RISKS AND FUTURE WE WANT. Preface and Acknowledgements ive years ago, in early 2013, a Memorandum of Understanding was signed in Tokyo between two divisions of the Tokyo and FMoscow universities specializing in the field of environmental management. In the autumn of the same year, Moscow hosted the first seminar on sustainable environment, convincingly demonstrat- ing the broad prospects for the cooperation that had begun. Over the years since that time, a stable partnership of the parties on the problems of environmental sustainability has been formed. Within its framework, seminars and publication of collections of their works continue, students and postgraduate students are being exchanged, the number of participants is growing, their geography is expanding, and new directions are emerging. The development of the partnership was supported by the government of Japan in the form of the STEPS program, aimed at enhancing the cooperation of the University of Tokyo with the leading Russian universities. The Russian-Japanese project on sustainability of the environment has proved its viability, it continues to develop. The project of cooperation between the Tokyo and Moscow universities is aimed at the future, on the rationale for the contours of the “Future we want”, the future that our countries need. This was especially pronounced at the 3rd Russian-Japanese seminar on environmental sustainability, held in August 2016 at Moscow State University. Its theme was defined as “Environmental Risks for Socioeconomic Development”. 4 Preface Defining the topic of the next seminar,its organizing committee proceeded from an understanding of the growing importance for both our countries, as well as the desire to integrate the efforts of the international scientific community to minimize natural and environmental risks. With such a statement of the issue, all the participants and guests of the seminar agreed. This, in particular, was said at the opening of the seminar by the Dean of the Faculty of Geography of Moscow State University Prof. S.A. Dobrolyubov, head of the Department of Nature Management, Member of the State Duma of the Federal Assembly of the Russian Federation, Prof. M.V. Slipenchuk, president of the International Geographical Union prof. V.A. Kolosov, as well as the representative of the Japanese Embassy in the Russian Federation, Mr. Onishi Kazuyoshi. The seminar was held in August, during the teacher and student holidays. Nevertheless, it aroused undoubted interest among professionals, as evidenced by the completely filled audience where the meetings were held. The participants of the seminar, as a rule, reacted lively to the contents of the reports, asked pressing questions. Very vividly passed and the poster session, held in great recreation on the 18th floor of the Geographical Faculty. Exchange of views and discussions continued outside the seminar rooms. Throughout the workshop, its participants repeatedly noted the inevitability of the manifestation of environmental risk factors in development, both in the past and in the future. Natural disasters are almost impossible to prevent. But they can be foreseen. And you can adapt the society to their manifestation, reducing the three most unfavorable consequences of their manifestation. Often, reliable systems for monitoring disasters are expensive. But even more expensive are carelessness and irresponsibility. Japan has accumulated a valuable experience in minimizing and overcoming natural and environmental risks. This experience demonstrates the amazing results of reducing the number of victims and victims during the manifestation of hazardous phenomena. In addition, it demonstrates clear trends in reducing unit costs for ensuring public safety and economic activity. 5 The 3rd Russian-Japanese Collaboration Seminar for Sustainable Environment A similar situation is inherent in Russia. In our country there is a huge variety of natural conditions and natural phenomena, as well as environmental risks of the consequences of economic activity. At the same time, thanks to the achievements of geographical and related sciences, natural and environmental risks have been well studied, and a monitoring system has been established. Developed in the Soviet period, urban development standards reflect the imperatives of natural and environmental constraints in resettlement and economic activities. True, in recent decades, many of these achievements have been lost. However, at present the situation is radically changing. The state is increasingly articulating the policy of territorial development of the country, in which priority is given to the regions of Siberia and the Far East, where our neighbor is Japan. In Russia, the understanding is growing that the success of the development of these regions will largely depend on the adaptation of their population and economy to the external conditions of development, on the skills to overcome the adverse effects of natural and environmental risks, and on the ability to perceive and comprehend the neighbors’ experience in dealing with such issues. The seminar organizers are aware of the fact that its success was made possible primarily due to high professionalism and a sense of civic responsibility for environmentally sustainable future of human civilization of all its participants. In particular, we are grateful to the key participants of the emerging partnership from the Japanese side: Prof. H. Kato, Prof. S. Sato and Dr. K. Hatoyama. It is very important that this seminar was supported at all stages of preparation and holding with the Moscow university administration and the Faculty of Geography, including Dean of the faculty Prof. S.A. Dobrolyubov, Deputy Dean Dr. S.R. Chalov and Prof. M.V. Slipenchuk, Head of the Nature Management Dept, whom we also sincerely grateful. We also consider it necessary to note the excellent work on preparing and holding our seminar the whole Organizing Team including Ms. A. Klishina (coordinator), Dr. E. Glukhova (secretary of the Editorial Board), Ms. O. Garmaeva (University of Tokyo), 6 Preface Mr. R. Mamedov, and Mr. O. Zverkov, a wonderful person who, to our great regret, passed away shortly after the seminar. In conclusion should be stated that the seminar itself and the publication of its materials were made possible due to the sponsorship of the Protection of Lake Baikal Foundation. Participants of the seminar and the authors of this publication express their deep gratitude to this foundation. Fortunately, our cooperation from the very first steps develops favorable political background what is naturally rather than by chance. We feel the interest and support from the political and business circles in Japan and Russia. Now - it’s up to experts in the field of ecology and environmental policy, firstly — up to young scientists and teachers. The future belongs to those who understand that the key to a sustainable environment in our time is becoming a factor of sustainable partnership among professionals. This proceedings is published in the declared in our countries cross-year of Japan in Russia and Russia in Japan. Its appearance is our common contribution to strengthening cooperation between Russian and Japanese scientists, to bringing our cultures closer together, to deepening mutual understanding between our peoples. Its publication is a real testimony of the interest of students and young scientists of Japan and Russia to better know each other, to make more active use of the geographical neighborhood