EUROPEAN REGIONAL MASTER’S DEGREE IN DEMOCRACY AND HUMAN RIGHTS IN SOUTH-EAST EUROPE Ambasciata d’Italia This project is funded Sarajevo by the European Union The project was co-funded by Direzione Generale per la Cooperazione allo Sviluppo of the Italian Ministry of Foreign Affairs EUROPEAN REGIONAL MASTER’S DEGREE IN DEMOCRACY AND HUMAN RIGHTS IN SOUTH-EAST EUROPE University of Sarajevo - University of Bologna DEMOCRACY AND HUMAN RIGHTS IN SOUTH EAST EUROPE: SELECTED MASTER THESES A.Y. 2013- 2014 MASTER THESES SUBMITTED IN PARTIAL FULFILLMENT OF THE REGIONAL MASTER’S DEGREE IN DEMOCRACY AND HUMAN RIGHTS IN SOUTH-EAST EUROPE IN OCTOBER 2014 SARAJEVO BOSNIA AND HERZEGOVINA 2014 THE EUROPEAN REGIONAL MASTER’S DEGREE IN DEMOCRACY AND HUMAN RIGHTS IN SOUTH-EAST EUROPE DEMOCRACY AND HUMAN RIGHTS IN SOUTH EAST EUROPE: SELECTED MASTER THESES A.Y. 2013-2014 Publisher: University of Sarajevo, Center for Interdisciplinary Studies, Istituto per l’Europa Centro-Orientale e Balcanica, University of Bologna Editor-in-Chief: Zdravko Grebo (University of Sarajevo) Stefano Bianchini (University of Bologna) Copyright: The European Regional Master in Democracy and Human Rights in South-East Europe Prepared and cover design: Sanel Memija Printed by: “Štamparija FOJNICA” d.d. Fojnica Copies 200 December 2014 “This publication has been produced with the assistance of the EU and the MFA of the Republic of Italy. The Action is part of the Global Campus of the Regional Master Programmes and Diplomas managed by EIUC. The contents of this publication are the sole responsibility of the University of Sarajevo, Center for Interdisciplinary Studies and can in no way be taken to reflect the views of the European Union or of the Italian Ministry of Foreign Affairs.” III PREFACE The European Regional Master’s Program in Democracy and Human Rights in South-East Europe is established through the joint efforts of eleven participating universities and research centres and is coordinated by the University of Sarajevo, Centre for Interdisciplinary Studies of the and the Institute for the Central-Eastern and Balkan Europe of the University of Bologna. The Program is an unique educational activity that promotes the development and realisation of a generation of young people from the region of South-East Europe and the European Union. Its structure is defined in a way emphasising among its participants, both students and Faculty, a shared consciousness that the development of democracy and human rights in the region depends on a plural interdependence of factors. All of the relevant issues in South-East Europe, stability, democracy, and development are mutually correlated and influence each other which give this common regional effort in addressing them more chance of success in a context of inclusive policies and in the framework of a wider European integration process. Much of the foundation for the establishment of the European Regional Master’s Programme had been laid down in the mid-1990s when a team of prominent Academic Faculty gathered around the idea of organizing region specific educational activities. Its first practical embodiment was the Cervia International Summer School, which started in 1995, and was supported by the European Commission. For the first five years of its existence, it provided the necessary background of specific teaching and research experience that subsequently moved to the region of South-East Europe once conditions allowed. The Master program is currently co-financed by the European Union (via EIUC thought the Global Campus Network) and the Italian Ministry of Foreign Affairs through its DGCS/UTL Offices. Its structure and academic content reflect on topical issues common for the region of South-East Europe and account for the wider conceptual framework of the process of European integration. Each year the Programme produces around 30 young graduates organized in an active Alumni Association (ACIPS) who find employment in national governments, national and international governmental and non- governmental organizations, think tanks, research institutes and universities within Europe and beyond. What follows are the Awarded six Master Theses of the academic year 2013/2014. The selection criteria adopted by the Academic Faculty of V the Program include originality and relevance of the topic and the author’s argumentation, structure and clarity of the exposition, innovative approach and skillful academic engagement. They are an accessible material, which is a useful read for students of human rights and for all who are interested in the issues emerging from the processes of their protection and violation in the region of South-East Europe. We would like to use this opportunity to congratulate our graduates on successfully completing this Program and wholeheartedly thank the staff for their immeasurable support and enthusiasm for the past 13 years. VI TABLE OF CONTENTS Silvia Cittadini BEYOND A ROOF OVER THE HEAD: THE ISSUE OF THE CULTURAL ADEQUACY OF HOUSING FOR ROMA IN BOSNIA AND HERZEGOVINA BETWEEN INTEGRATION AND MARGINALIZATION .............................................................1 Nermina Jerković TOWARDS SUSTAINABLE GENDER EQUALITY? THE IMPORTANCE OF CEDAW AND UNSCR 1325 FOR THE INCREASED PARTICIPATON OF WOMEN IN THE SECURITY SECTOR. The Case Study of the Slovenian Police. ....................................... 113 Jelena Petrović WHO IS RESPONSIBLE FOR SUPPRESSION ON FREEDOM OF MEDIA IN MACEDONIA? Analysis on controlling mechanisms in a democratic country ....227 Giuseppe Picheca CLASH OF RIGHTS. HEALTH OR WORK, A VIOLENT CHOICE ............................337 Elma Selman CAN THE PAST BE PASSED? THE ROLE OF THEATER IN DEALING WITH THE PAST IN THE WESTERN BALKANS ..................................................................453 Lea Smailbegović RECOGNIZED AND NON-RECOGNIZED ETHNIC MINORITIES IN ALBANIA: THE CASE STUDY OF BOSNIAKS ......................................................................................549 VII Academic Year 2013/2014 SELECTED MASTER THESES EUROPEAN REGIONAL MASTER’S DEGREE IN DEMOCRACY AND HUMAN RIGHTS IN SOUTH EAST EUROPE University of Sarajevo – University of Bologna BEYOND A ROOF OVER THE HEAD: THE ISSUE OF THE CULTURAL ADEQUACY OF HOUSING FOR ROMA IN BOSNIA AND HERZEGOVINA BETWEEN INTEGRATION AND MARGINALIZATION MASTER THESIS SUBMITTED IN PARTIAL FULFILMENT OF THE EUROPEAN REGIONAL MASTER’S DEGREE IN DEMOCRACY AND HUMAN RIGHTS IN SOUTH-EAST EUROPE BY SILVIA CITTADINI SUPERVISOR: PROFESSOR ZDENEK KAVAN SARAJEVO, BOSNIA AND HERZEGOVINA 11 OCTOBER 2014 1 BEYOND A ROOF OVER THE HEAD: THE ISSUE OF THE CULTURAL ADEQUACY OF HOUSING FOR ROMA IN BOSNIA AND SILVIA CITTADINI HERZEGOVINA BETWEEN INTEGRATION AND MARGINALIZATION 2 Academic Year 2013/2014 SELECTED MASTER THESES Table of content List of Abbreviations .............................................................................5 Introduction ...........................................................................................7 1. The interplay between Right to Housing and Romani collective identity ...........................................................13 1.1. The Human Right to Housing ..............................................14 1.1.1. Right to Housing in the international legal texts ..........14 1.1.2. Rights–based approach vs. obligations-based approach: a debate over welfare rights ..........................................16 1.1.3. The duty to ensure housing for all ................................19 1.2. The importance of the house as identity space .....................21 1.2.1. Housing and collective identity ....................................21 1.2.2. Beyond a roof over the head .........................................24 1.3. The Right to Housing and Romani identity .........................27 1.3.1. Main features of Romani housing patterns ...................27 1.3.2. The relation between Romani identity/way of life and housing ........................................................30 1.3.3. Group differentiation among Roma: a plurality of cultures ....................................................35 2. Collective identity: threat or value for human rights? ................37 2.1. Romani rights between individual and collective rights protection ....................................................................37 2.1.1. Individual rights vs collective rights: main arguments .38 2.1.2. The relevance of the collective identity for the Romani groups and its relational dimension ................44 2.1.3. The protection of the identity of Romani minority by international legal documents .......................................48 2.2. Collective identity in practice: Assimilation v. integration debate ........................................51 2.2.1. Theoretical arguments against assimilation policies .....52 3 BEYOND A ROOF OVER THE HEAD: THE ISSUE OF THE CULTURAL ADEQUACY OF HOUSING FOR ROMA IN BOSNIA AND SILVIA CITTADINI HERZEGOVINA BETWEEN INTEGRATION AND MARGINALIZATION 2.2.2. Assimilation policies towards Romani communities during the Socialist period ............................................54 2.2.3. Integration and recognition of the Romani minority ....59 2.3. Integration policies and Right to Housing ............................61 2.3.1. The debated relationship between integration and segregation ....................................................................63 2.3.2. Proposals for a new inclusive approach to Right to Housing .........................................................................65