2015 International Conference on Waste Management Household Waste Management and Resource Recycling in Taiwan Ying-Ying Lai Deputy Director, Department of Waste Management, Taiwan EPA 2015 0 Speaker Ying Ying Lai Education Background Institute of Natural Resources Management, National Taipei University (2004-2007) - Master Department of Environmental Engineering, National Cheng Kung University, (1981-1985) - Bachelor Working Experience(present) Department of Waste Management, EPA(1992– 2009,2010 – ) Current • Experience in waste management of Waste Recycling, Position: Household Waste and Industrial Waste. • Special policies or programs has participated including Deputy Extended Producer’s Responsibility, Recycling Fund Director of Management, "Four-in-One" Recycling Program, source Waste reduction programs, Environmental Science and Technology Management Parks, Industrial Waste Report and Tracking System, construction & demolition waste, Sustainable Materials Department, Management program. EPA Taiwan, Department of Supervision Evaluation & Dispute Resolution ,EPA ROC (2009–2010) Department of Water Quality Protection ,EPA (1988 –1992) OUTLINE Foreword EPR & Four-in-One Recycling Program 5R Related Programs Future Prospects 2 Natural Resources Deficient Population: 23 millions Area: 36,000 km² Population density: 624 person/km² (Urbanization： 78%) (Taipei City：9,956 person/km²) Energy imported > 98% Mineral imported > 80% Food imported > 70% 3 Strategies and Goals Strategies：5R ─ reduction ─ reuse ─ recycling ─ recovery ─ reclamation Goals in 2016： – Garbage reduction, 70% (based on the largest amount in 1998) – Recycling rate, over 60 % 4 From Past to Present Open Truck Garbage Box Garbage Truck Past Present Main Auxiliary Garbage War Incinerator Riverside Landfill Landfill 5 Revolution of MSW Management 2010 Sustainable Material Management 2005 Mandatory Garbage Separation 2003 Bulky Waste Recycling 2001 Food Waste Recycling 2000 Per-Bag Trash Fee in Taipei 1997 Four-in-One Recycling Program 1988 EPR Introduced Incineration (Main) Resource Recycling & Landfill Landfill (Auxiliary) Resource Circulating 1984 1991 2003 Municipal Solid Waste Review and Prospects MSW Disposal Plan (MSW) Disposal Plan of Waste Disposal Programs 1991 Construction Plan for Solid Waste Resource Recycling (Incineration) Plant ※21 Incineration Plants of Public Owners (Planning 22 plants, finishing 21 plants) 1996 Measures for Encouraging Publicly or Privately Owned Organizations (BOO/BOT) to Construct and Operate Incinerators ※5 Incineration Plants of Private Owners (Planning 15 plants, finishing 5 plants) 6 EPR & Four-in-One Recycling Program 7 EPR Principle Extended producer’s Responsibilities Producers shoulder physical and financial responsibility of recycling post-consumer products in most EPR programs in the world. Producers only need to pay recycling fees to Taiwan EPA. TEPA then uses the fees to subsidize collection and recycling. 8 Operation of Recycling Fund Responsible Recycling Enterprises Management system manufacturers Fund Recycling Fee Supervisory and importers Review Management enterprises Committee of recyclable Committee Board containers and articles Collection enterprises audit and Check certification Local Government School non-governmental Subsidy organization Paid recycling fee Sales place 9 Regulated Recyclable Wastes 2001- Announcing printers as recycling articles 2002- Fluorescent tubes 2007-Keyboards, circular fluorescent lamps, etc. 2008-HID lamps 2013-Tablet computer, external hard disk, cold cathode lamp, etc. 33 recycling items 10 Regulated Recycling Label Producers designated by EPAT shall mark articles or the packaging and containers thereof with recycling labels. PET HDPE PVC LDPE PP PS Other 11 Vendors Responsibilities Container or dry batteries install collection facilities ,display collection-point marks at stores and take back waste returned by consumers. Home appliance take back used appliances from consumers when purchasing new appliances. Lamp sellers must accept used lamps at no charge from the public. 12 Four-in-One Recycling Program (1) Community Residents (2) Recycling Industries To form Community- based To purchase waste Recycling organization resources from the public, To Promote separation of waste communities and local and recyclable Community Recycling government Residents Industries (4) Recycling Fund Recycling Local (3) Local Government To be paid by Fund Government To transport resources responsible enterprises and waste separately To subsidize the Part of the revenues recycling and disposal feed back to general system public 13 5R Related Programs 14 Source Reduction Waste Minimization Toxicity Minimization Restriction on Plastic Restriction on mercury shopping Bags and and cadmium content of Disposable Tableware batteries Restriction on Excessive Banned Mercury Packaging Thermometers 15 Reuse Bulky items – 15 used products repaired centers – Unwanted furniture repaired and sold as second-hand products – The rest, used as fuel or compost Second-hand goods exchange platform – Link to auctions, sales and flea markets – Goods including books, clothes, furniture, bicycles, appliances etc. 16 Framework of Separation, Recycling and Disposal Recyclable wastes Recycler Product Food Waste Biomass energy Human Animal Feeds Activity Compost Trash Incineration Fly ash Landfill Source Energy Recovery Bottom ash Recycling Reduction Bulky Item Repair Product 17 Expect regulated recyclable waste, items that Municipal sanitation fleet also recycle are – Paper – Iron – Aluminum – Glass – Plastic – CDs – Cell Phone & Charger No Recycling Fee 18 Recycling System Local government EPB Recycling truck collects recyclables after garbage truck on recycling day scavengers , recyclables dealers Retail vendors regulate 11 categories of vendors Community, school, should Install recycling facility for and NGO collecting containers, dry batteries, and wasted tube lights. Recycling Purchase sorted resource waste from scavengers, communities, schools, organizations industries resource waste sorting for various material Sorting Treatment plant 19 Recycling System Recycling industries Treatment plant After the sorting, recyclables is sent to various recycling plants according to the materials of containers or articles for recycling Sorting Scrap iron and aluminum Steel plant, Aluminum plant Waste plastics Plastic recycling plant Waste glass Glass plant Waste paper and paper container Paper plant Recycling plants Waste Shredder plant of various materials articles (wasted cars and household appliances) Articles treatment plant (wasted tires, and dry batteries) 20 Recyclable wastes recycling 1. 資源垃圾 2. 回收點 3. 清潔隊 Recyclable Waste Community Collection Spot Municipal sanitation fleet 4. 回收商 5. 處理廠 6. 再生料 Collector Recycler Recycled Material 21 Food Waste Recycling Source Collection Recycling Household Garbage truck Compost Plant Pig Farm Fruits & vegetables Collection Point Market Energy Recovery Community Restaurant Self-collected Compost 22 Further Reduction Most of the recyclable wastes collected by MSW sanitation Fleets. Mandatory Separating garbage into 3 categories – Keep trash off the ground – A warning will be issued for the first non-compliance. A penalty of NT$1,200 -6,000 will be imposed on the second violation. 23 Further Reduction Per-Bag Trash Fee in several areas – Pay as you throw – Per-Bag trash fee is NT$ 0.36/L ; however, collect recyclables and food waste for free – Waste volume 67%down, recycling volume 48%up 24 Energy Recovery Total 24 incineration plants Total treatment volume 6.35Mt Provide 3.13 billion degrees of electricity Meet the requirements of garbage treatment and provide electricity 25 MSW Generation Trend 26 Analysis of MSW Treatment 100 Incineration Recycable Wastes Landfill Food Waste recycled 90 Bulk Waste Recycled 80 70 60 50 44.92 % 40 43.28 30 20 9.78 10 1.13 0 0.89 1989 1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 Year 27 Keys for Successful Operation Mandatory charge from producers The integration of existing recycling systems Economic incentives to citizens and MSW sanitation fleets Complementing recycling market for marginal profitable wastes Continuing conducting public environmental education, especially on campus 28 Sustainable Materials Management End-of-pipe ： Past treatment Now：Resource Circulating Reduce supply risk Maximizing Increase the efficiency resource efficiency in production Create resource- efficient consumption Improve circular resource management Build MFA decision Minimizing making tools impacts on the Main Scheme environment 29 From Waste Management to SMM Resources Recycling Use & Re-use Waste Materials Products Energy Collection Final Disposal Final Waste Recovery Disposal 30 Thank you for your attention 31 .