Parasitology group: Vectors and vector borne diseases Annual review of the literature and horizon scanning report 2019 August 2020 © Crown copyright 2020 This information is licensed under the Open Government Licence v3.0. To view this licence, visit www.nationalarchives.gov.uk/doc/open-government-licence/ This publication is available at www.gov.uk/government/publications Any enquiries regarding this publication should be sent to us at [email protected] Year of publication: 2020 www.gov.uk/defra Contents Expert Review ...................................................................................................................... 1 VECTORS - Ticks and arthropods ................................................................................... 1 Novel tick species UK ....................................................................................................... 1 Vector control strategies ................................................................................................... 1 Tick vaccines .................................................................................................................... 1 Research into new tick treatments ................................................................................... 2 Acaricide resistance research .......................................................................................... 2 Research into new insect treatments ............................................................................... 3 VECTOR BORNE DISEASE - Test and surveillance developments ................................ 3 Tick pathogen surveys in Europe ..................................................................................... 4 Tularemia ......................................................................................................................... 4 Borrelia ............................................................................................................................. 4 Human babesiosis ............................................................................................................ 4 Livestock vector-borne diseases ...................................................................................... 5 Babesia ............................................................................................................................ 5 Research into new Babesia treatments ............................................................................ 6 Babesia vaccines ............................................................................................................. 6 Bovine besnoitiosis .......................................................................................................... 6 Trypanosomes ................................................................................................................. 7 Wildlife vector-borne diseases ......................................................................................... 7 Wildlife Anaplasma ........................................................................................................... 8 Wildlife Babesia ................................................................................................................ 8 Wildlife Borrelia ................................................................................................................ 8 Wildlife Theileria ............................................................................................................... 9 Bird blood parasites.......................................................................................................... 9 Tick borne encephalitis (TBE) virus .................................................................................. 9 Bluetongue virus .............................................................................................................. 9 Crimean-Congo Haemorrhagic Fever Virus (CCHFV)...................................................... 9 Rift valley fever virus and phleboviruses ........................................................................ 10 Other arboviruses ........................................................................................................... 10 Filarial worms ................................................................................................................. 11 Equine piroplasms .......................................................................................................... 11 Equine Trypanosomosis ................................................................................................. 11 Domestic pet vector-borne diseases .............................................................................. 12 Hepatozoon .................................................................................................................... 12 Canine Babesia .............................................................................................................. 12 Leishmania ..................................................................................................................... 13 Dirofilaria (Heart worm) .................................................................................................. 13 Schistosomes ................................................................................................................. 13 Abstracts ............................................................................................................................ 14 VECTORS - ticks and arthropods .................................................................................. 14 Vector control strategies ................................................................................................. 15 Tick vaccines .................................................................................................................. 16 Research into new tick treatments ................................................................................. 17 Acaricide resistance research ........................................................................................ 18 Research into new insect treatments ............................................................................. 18 VECTOR BORNE DISEASE - Test and surveillance developments .............................. 19 Tick pathogen surveys in Europe ................................................................................... 21 Tularemia ....................................................................................................................... 23 Borrelia ........................................................................................................................... 23 Human Babesiosis ......................................................................................................... 24 Livestock vector-borne diseases .................................................................................... 25 Babesia .......................................................................................................................... 28 Vectors of Babesiosis ..................................................................................................... 31 Research into new Babesia treatments .......................................................................... 31 Babesia vaccines ........................................................................................................... 33 Bovine besnoitiosis ........................................................................................................ 34 Trypanosomes ............................................................................................................... 38 Wildlife vector-borne diseases ....................................................................................... 39 Wildlife Anaplasma ......................................................................................................... 39 Wildlife Babesia .............................................................................................................. 41 Wildlife Borrelia .............................................................................................................. 41 Wildlife Theileria ............................................................................................................. 42 Bird blood parasites........................................................................................................ 43 Arboviruses (viruses transmitted by mosquitoes, ticks, or other arthropods) ..................... 43 Tick borne encephalitis (TBE) virus ................................................................................ 43 Bluetongue Virus ............................................................................................................ 44 Crimean-Congo Haemorrhagic Fever Virus (CCHFV).................................................... 45 Rift valley fever virus and phleboviruses ........................................................................ 48 Other arboviruses ........................................................................................................... 49 Filarial worms ................................................................................................................. 51 Equine piroplasmas ........................................................................................................ 51 Equine Trypanosomosis ................................................................................................