“f‘ ‘Should you decide to publish this work as a mywfl. ~diesertatibn-éndeupqn:termsAggreegble‘tojme,then I desire to place at the 01056 (31‘ this disser— .“M- tation a brief sketch of my life, “we 1 ., A A...M44.&W- I...._.....-.»..._‘ $1 English. 0 4 m H 0 'H Old ‘H D Pioneer h of 5 Study American the i nu L. 1.34mi“. x ‘2 J .‘ - 1‘3 - ; ~ — - ., )L‘. 3’5 ' To The Printer. ~i; Should you oonSent to publish this work on terms “magnatzzg-na.» / advantageous to me, then the page immediately follow— hf." “Harm. ing this is to be left outq Should you,however,decide to publish this work swamum Emerely as a dissertation, then you see the need of Einserting the page immediately following this page. Pk:;:a:ERI£SNJL u 4' aux .3; of 1; "Pen... -alfillnent of the Requirements for the Degree My. Doctor of Pbilo 30pm 3.? Ideals martian Arnold. Hi..-“ .m‘WAl—n. ‘ a“ 9‘ . {a ,0." ‘ WM'AA —- u...“ . 2,.) .5‘? A ‘ -, - w A?" _> ~ 5 - 'f 1 r . - ‘f . :1, I Vt‘éfib‘ V-: " :1 _ y . F l“§ To The Printer. i erw CI" (—31— «\‘n... Anna. e M + , _ 4. #7.” .L-x ".43.. - - J—‘-~-le - W/Oplzw-M‘“~+lg7fl'""“w—‘ .—...~....._ »—- m.V——-J—A Presented to the faculty of the University of Virginia. in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree of “3‘.— Doctor of Philosophy ”Nu—“4‘1 n ‘. By x.” —-s. a ;/ v-r-ucrw Ideals Heathen Arnold. Lugnwlc‘fl mummfitm‘.‘ wiQ—myw ..,, . “.4 An Historical Review of the Work Done in AnglOéSexon by —‘:I"" Thomas Jefferson pith Particular Emphesis on an Essay on this Sub- ':\.'.:LE-T‘.3‘t13'fl>3? ject by Mr. Jefferson. \-,": layubwl ".44.” v. .3”... ~u~u£~ :dm‘s‘. WuA-uuuL ' . my v.4” n”... MM‘AMMNU *3 I 1 P 3, ‘1" i , . E ‘ I v/’ . l 130 Woodrow Wilson? ”1; _ Princely Premier e of American Democracy mgnxw -L . «V. Dedicated to 4e. fioodrow Wilson, Princely Premier of . American Democracy .v. i“: To The Puhlisher. Wffii \p{a ' If this work is published upon terms advantageous 4 ‘ to me, then I desire for the few pages pinned to- to the » it gather with a needle to form the fly leaves book and under the caption "Linguistic ObservationM If,however, the work is to be printed as a dis--. t ‘ . , i ‘ )sertationythen these "Linguistic Truths" must not. appear at all in the dissertation. 31‘ us I 1 u LG ‘+ "1%? Book mihiq nemo frugem qua sentire a Aurelius, recte meliorem convincere ad I % me sector, non Marcus me quis animo otest, tatemaenim est. P ‘laeto **¥‘*Si .. , A .., “as: ....... 3““Nim'vffi"i’fi‘)"dv""hn-ufi‘mn’wyau . r ., i. .. » ‘P‘VW . anew h, w~owumwmwa~mm 4, A , A V Man/v.4." W- h .r ,1 ‘1 “1;. ***e3 Si quis me convincere mihique ostendere potest, me non recte sentire aut agere, ‘laeto animo ad meliorem frugem redibo: veri- taiem,enim sector, a qua nemo unquam laesus est. Marcus Aurelius, Book VI. 21. v- my...” ».-w--Auu . .. ~. 4 u ,,,._.n~,-.=..._ s. hk’Kr'. “m w.» R. ..;~ “.ml. u yarn“. 1.“..iu,‘ 1-"; RM." imam! {Lam 3. “(Ti/i: Consueuzdo, sermone, /” . ut numo, certissima . I’— cui publica loquendi forma Magistra, Quingtil est. utendumque m n ' plane o - my, rmu :- r ... um—s :trva>r' ,, ,_ ,._..,.~__.M< new answers ; ., taxi. ”rt-L: <r—svanmpg—uxm-p—gvnx rth—f er W‘s :mstrjarvt‘ti'mt‘m4rmurr mm "In the days when mankind were but callans, .Ah--._,.,‘, .‘szrvw At grammar, logic an sic talents, :xnzx They took nae pains, their speech to balance or - :er ‘ rules to gie, -:‘?.:’_‘!:‘:7, But/sisal: their thoughts. in plain, braid lallans, Like you or me". Robert Burns. :0...- u—~»o-V'~A‘- . _ —-u~,. erwr<71'~‘. 31 'Trfxfi‘vv-rtynb—tzn‘wrc )"IVTN.~>’-—>.x 11- nu .:-.-.x .7 "Ye knowe eek>that in forme of speche is chaunge, M-..“ :- a Withims a thousand yeer, and wordes tho ..~.-.—.—- :"g‘x That had/den prys, now wonder nyce and stilflgge. Us thinketh hem; and yet they spake hem so." Geoffrey Chaucer. r . .r .m firm..-,__p-i.h_.__i .. ....__ 'wherever we look at language, we find.that it changes. But what makes language change? We are considering at present only the outside, the phonetic body of language, and are not concerned with the changes of’meaning, which, as you know, are sometimes very violent.'—-Scicnce of Language, Max Muller, Vol. II., p. 186. "There is,no doubt, this other point to be considered, that each man has his Ill phonetic idiosyncrasigh and that what €555 holds good of individuals, holds good of families, tribes, and nations.--Scicnée of Language,-Max Muller, Vol. II., p. 197. “To say where growth ends and decay begins is-as difficult in living languaggs as in living bodies; but we have in the science of language this test, that changes produced by phonetic decay must admit of a simple physiological explana— tion-they must be referable to a relaxation of muscular energy in the organs of speech. Not so the dialectic varieties. Their causes, if they can be traced at all, are special, not general, and in many cases they baffle all attempts at physiological elucidation.'-Science of Language, Max miner, Vol.’ 11., 1)). 21's- 212- ‘7'7‘ ' we cannot be careful enough in the use of our worded 'It is not in the power of man (or men.) either to produce or prevent change in language; we might think as well of changing the laws which control the circulation of our blood, or of adding an inch to our height, as or altering the laws of speech, or inventing new words, according :93 911: pleasure.- / -/ . 'High political station does not confer the right to make or make language.‘ ‘ . F. flax Muller. mm. -.- "T , 4..) .4 ,.""“ - were n w:- 01" +- .‘V‘WYflf‘r J; U-A.-v 7 “La- .. ... e - l. .nn -av_...wli V“; '4 v -u (H in urw' 94 .,—I .4 ‘71. 4: U) 0 ('1’ ‘~'1 a, .5 C) ‘2 ‘." v A ..2 5:: a. w u \, :15 ) r! H .4 L) 6 — 1. A :‘ v vi-.. J \ \ ./,/ § 0/; famKaXc/(W 74 5‘77“” med/ac 0( 4/“ ‘ / < ‘e . k V.) 1/ *\ “(7%ch :1: \ J74 /(!0c n /(m» I U/Ir‘é W /( ac § L/ \ 62%a/(7/64 7715. / / /(e/a /( 6.: (1' ('1 K) :3 C) 5 4- an stylus. ’31,;W~'+ ". Lelai- v’ , -6 r4 .5 . in. 1 14 .‘3 ”hi-n .1 u I . ‘ shimmer. ‘ w 1 9 ..4_ . ,. 5: 4m. Jameewanssellwdewedl: A»; -H.-- _ ”pear-h _.~. "There is nothing more dangerously fascinating than .........u.’_. 1.11:1}; etymologies. To the uninitiated,the victim seems to have eaten .. ~— of 'insane roots that take the reason prisoner'; w‘ile the 4-..”. illuminate too ofteu_looks upon the stems and flowers of lan- :1:;.'rr:e~.s-=ttwmmr.~. ..-:.—.._-u..~.; guage, the highest achievements of thought and poesy, as mere A. n. awash m handles by which to pull up the grimy tubers that lie at the name A base of articulate expression, shapeless knobs of speech, sacred f‘i'lkizx" .: to him as the potato to the Irishman..... Pointblank guessing and the bewitching generalization conjured out of a couple or so of assumed facts, which, eyen if they turn out to be singly true, are no more nearly related than Hecate and green cheese. (1) "Etymologies are not the most important part of the good working dictionary, the intention of which is not to inform read- ers and writers what a word may have meant before the Dispersion, but what it means now. The pedigree of an adjective or substan— tive is of little consequence to ninety-nine men in a hundred, and the writers who have wielded our mother—tongues with the greatest mastery have been men who kngh what words had most mean- ing to their neighb core and acquaintances, and did not stay their pens to ask what ideas the radicals of those words may possibly have conveyed to the-mind or abricklayer goinggtc ‘from Padanaram in: to seekv work on the Tower of Babel." (2) «Vfla44ano ;E314dezfi<:¢7<:3VZ45{: ( 1) Atlantic Monthly ~sugu 1860, p. 248 ( 2 ) Atlantic Monthly ray, iéeo, p. 655. ,’ emblems]: to woonnow WILSON) 'x‘m ._.,. THE In View of the interest that has been awakened since 1876 in the historical study of the English language, it has seemed not inappropriate to call the attention.of English scholars to what a certain unique pioneer of ours has done or attempted to do in this field of investigation. And yet, in presenting to English scholars this review of the pioneer work done in the historical study of the English lang— uage, the writer cannot claim for him any such distinction as be- 4 longs to such original scientific scholars as Jacob Grimm,AVerner, o;§Sievers, but he-does claim, however, that his labors in this di- Mct on have greatly enhanced the importance of the study. Mr. Jef- ferson stands out preeminently as the most u1.iqu e pioneer in Ame: ica. His was an ori Jgi inal point of view, that if pr rly interprei; fled and fully applied would enrich the English vocabulary though it at would not prove acceptable to Grammarians, who would recognize langu- once the iconoclastic blow aimed at the forms of the parent age. But of this the writer will speak later.