One Police Plaza Security Plan EIS CHAPTER 2: LAND USE, ZONING, AND PUBLIC POLICY A. INTRODUCTION A detailed assessment of land use, zoning, and public policy is appropriate if the proposed action would result in a significant change in land use or would substantially affect regulations or policies governing land use or if analyses requiring land use information are being performed in any other technical area. Examples of technical analyses requiring land use information include socioeconomic conditions, neighborhood character, traffic and transportation, air quality, and noise. Under CEQR Technical Manual guidelines, an assessment of zoning is typically performed in conjunction with a land use analysis when the action would change the zoning on the site or result in the loss of a particular use. Similar to zoning, some assessment of public policy typically accompanies an assessment of land use. Under CEQR, a land use analysis characterizes the uses and development trends in the study area, and assesses whether a proposed action is compatible with or may affect those conditions. As discussed in Chapter 1, “Project Description,” the security plan consists of the installation of attended security checkpoint booths, planters, bollards and hydraulically operated delta barriers to restrict the access of unauthorized vehicles from the roadways situated [adjacent to the civic facilities] near One Police Plaza following the events of September 11, 2001 (see Figure 2-1 for project area boundary). As the security plan has the potential to indirectly affect land use within the study area, a detailed assessment of its effects on land use, zoning, and public policy is warranted. According to the CEQR Technical Manual, unless the action covers a substantial physical area or is a generic action, the study area should generally include at least the project site and the area within 400 feet of the site’s boundaries. When other, more indirect, effects may also occur, a larger study area should be used. Typically, such secondary impacts can occur within a radius of a quarter-mile from the site of the action. For the purposes of this analysis, the land use study area conservatively extends approximately a quarter-mile from the security zone boundary (see Figure 2-1). The study area is bounded generally by the East River/Market Street to the east, Canal Street to the north, Church Street to the west, and Fulton Street to the south. 2-1 Figure 2-1 Land Use Study Area GRAN ST GRAND T S H T T Y S S R IE O T F S Y R H C ER ST HEST C ST HESTER T T S HESTER S E T T T Y S E R Y H E T A T T S W E F S O A B Y T L R B A R S E Z R I T T T L E AL S T X AN E B C A O L B U M M CA NAL S T T CANAL S FO RS YT H ST T P Y I S K R E E H S T W T T E T O S B S B A Y T Z R I T L R T O E E S Y M B E R L L E WHITE ST U L T M A X A T L Y B D P T A N D ST S N YAR I A A W B L L H D T K M C A N R A R O R A O U R K R C H B E F T C S T FRANKLIN ST T S E L ST T L T PE T S E E Y R A L T F P N A N L E O C S N One Police Plaza Security Plan EIS E Columbus B Park T LEONARD ST HOGAN PL S O SC O M Q S M C CATHERINE L A A A H TH T E A R H IN C E S T WORTH ST WORTH ST WORTH ST HARLAN WAY WORTH ST JUSTICE J. M. O L IV E R S T Chatham US T Towers S E THOMAS ST New York State L P T S M A L E A T P Supreme Court O R S Courthouse R K E T N E L O T S J M B PEAR A S E L ST M L M Q I T E IP T S S R E S T Y T Y E L A L P F O A S F DUANE ST L US E Chatham M A J L Green . T P T T S S S S Y N E Y R O R Courthouse A Houses E S S W T H H D L O P . E C U A A R N A H IN K D R R R D L R A E A P S T W T S DE ST S C C R REA A E P T T L H A Z E R W T IN S E K S L L T Z IP S E L P TH U E One O T C S I S L E CHAMBERS ST O R P Police T T Municipal S N L E Plaza R C Building T S A N E O IS P AD A M V OF T HE Murray FI NE WARREN ST ST BergtraumH.S. Alfred E. Smith Houses Tweed CityCourthouse Hall City Hall Park MURRAY ST B R O Z O L K P L E Y N C B A NYU P FRAN R KFO I D RT S G T E A PL SP Downtown C PARK RU C Y CE E A T ST Hospital S S S W DOV D H ER S R A A T C M O R P R U S B H C T S Pace H W T O B T CLAY ST E U BAR R E S K K MA O N L R ST S A Y R P E University A L E L I T P A S E T D R L S T O A U G E A H S T S A N ANN ST T S M A I L P L B E I E C E K S W K L MA IP N T S S LZ T FUL URY P R TON ST DEL E T A T W S T N O L T R A S F S H R C E T D U Y D 0 250 500 750 1,000 Feet R JO HN ST T S F FU IF LT L ON C ST T S R E T A W P JO L LATT ST HN P ST Y T R E B I L LIBE T RT S Y ST D L L E O GIO N M G FLETCHER ST EM . SQ M AIDE FLET N LA CHE R ST C EDAR ST T S M PINE S A T I L L I T S W T N O R F H A N O V E T R S S L T R A E P Legend Security Zone (Closed to Public Vehicular Traffic after 09/11/2001) Land Use Study Area (Quarter-Mile Radius) One Police Plaza Security Plan EIS Chapter 2: Land Use, Zoning, and Public Policy B. BASELINE CONDITIONS As set forth in the project description, the One Police Plaza security plan includes the closure of streets adjacent to the civic facilities located near One Police Plaza (see Figure 2-1 for security zone area). Prior to September 11, 2001, the streets were open to all vehicles, with the exception of several streets that have been closed since 1999 for security purposes (see Chapter 1, Figure 1-3) and that were subject to a separate environmental review. In addition, the security features associated with the action such as delta barriers, security booths, sally ports, jersey barriers, and bollards were not in place prior to September 11, 2001. As the creation of the security zone was the result of the September 11, 2001 attacks and subsequent security needs, an understanding of the conditions that existed in the surrounding area prior to the attacks will help provide context for the analysis which follows. Those baseline land use, zoning, and public policy conditions are discussed in this section. To the extent that certain baseline conditions did not exist in 2001, they are also identified herein (e.g. adoption of certain amendments to the Waterfront Revitalization Program in 2002). Land Use Security Zone In 2001 (and today), land uses within the security zone consist mostly of institutional and residential uses. The Police Plaza complex, developed between 1968 and 1972, includes an outdoor plaza, and the police headquarters at One Police Plaza. The 400-space municipal parking garage located under One Police Plaza was closed to the public a few months prior to September 11, 2001. The outdoor plaza, part of the Police Plaza complex, is a landscaped open space with trees and benches connecting police headquarters with the Municipal Building at One Centre Street. The 30-story Municipal Building occupies one square block between Centre Street, St. Andrews Plaza, Park Row, and Tryon Row. The Municipal Building has a street-level passageway to Chambers Street and an arcaded south wing that arches above a subway entrance. The United States Courthouse, containing the U.S.