Andorra - The World Factbook https://www.cia.gov/the-world-factbook/countries/andorra/ Explore All Countries — Andorra Europe INTRODUCTION Background The landlocked Principality of Andorra is one of the smallest states in Europe, nestled high in the Pyrenees between the French and Spanish borders. For 715 years, from 1278 to 1993, Andorrans lived under a unique coprincipality, ruled by French and Spanish leaders (from 1607 onward, the French chief of state and the Bishop of Urgell). In 1993, this feudal system was modified with the introduction of a modern constitution; the co-princes remained as titular heads of state, but the government transformed into a parliamentary democracy. Andorra has become a popular tourist destination visited by approximately 8 million people each year drawn by the winter sports, summer climate, and duty-free shopping. Andorra has also become a wealthy international commercial center because of its mature banking sector and low taxes. As part of its effort to modernize its economy, Andorra has opened to foreign investment, and engaged in other reforms, such as advancing tax initiatives aimed at supporting a broader infrastructure. Although not a member of the EU, Andorra enjoys a special relationship with the bloc that is governed by various customs and cooperation agreements and uses the euro as its national currency. GEOGRAPHY Location Southwestern Europe, Pyrenees mountains, on the border between France and Spain Geographic coordinates 42 30 N, 1 30 E 1 of 14 4/26/2021, 12:12 PM Andorra - The World Factbook https://www.cia.gov/the-world-factbook/countries/andorra/ Map references Europe Area total: 468 sq km land: 468 sq km water: 0 sq km country comparison to the world: 195 Area - comparative 2.5 times the size of Washington, DC Land boundaries total: 118 km border countries (2): France 55 km, Spain 63 km Coastline 0 km (landlocked) Maritime claims none (landlocked) Climate temperate; snowy, cold winters and warm, dry summers Terrain rugged mountains dissected by narrow valleys Elevation mean elevation: 1,996 m lowest point: Riu Runer 840 m highest point: Pic de Coma Pedrosa 2,946 m Natural resources hydropower, mineral water, timber, iron ore, lead Land use agricultural land: 40% (2018 est.) arable land: 1.7% (2018 est.) permanent crops: 0% (2018 est.) permanent pasture: 38.3% (2018 est.) forest: 34% (2018 est.) other: 26% (2018 est.) Irrigated land 2 of 14 4/26/2021, 12:12 PM Andorra - The World Factbook https://www.cia.gov/the-world-factbook/countries/andorra/ 0 sq km (2012) Total renewable water resources 315.6 million cubic meters (2017 est.) Population distribution population is unevenly distributed and is concentrated in the seven urbanized valleys that make up the country's parishes (political administrative divisions) Natural hazards avalanches Environment - international agreements party to: Biodiversity, Climate Change, Climate Change-Paris Agreement, Comprehensive Nuclear Test Ban, Desertification, Hazardous Wastes, Ozone Layer Protection, Wetlands signed, but not ratified: none of the selected agreements Geography - note landlocked; straddles a number of important crossroads in the Pyrenees PEOPLE AND SOCIETY Population 85,645 (July 2021 est.) country comparison to the world: 199 Nationality noun: Andorran(s) adjective: Andorran Ethnic groups Andorran 48.8%, Spanish 25.1%, Portuguese 12%, French 4.4%, other 9.7% (2017 est.) note: data represent population by nationality Languages Catalan (official), French, Castilian, Portuguese Religions Roman Catholic (predominant) Age structure 0-14 years: 13.37% (male 5,901/female 5,551) 15-24 years: 10.16% (male 4,474/female 4,227) 25-54 years: 43.19% (male 18,857/female 18,131) 55-64 years: 15.91% (male 7,184/female 6,443) 65 years and over: 17.36% (male 7,544/female 7,323) (2020 est.) Median age 3 of 14 4/26/2021, 12:12 PM Andorra - The World Factbook https://www.cia.gov/the-world-factbook/countries/andorra/ total: 46.2 years male: 46.3 years female: 46.1 years (2020 est.) country comparison to the world: 6 Population growth rate -0.1% (2021 est.) country comparison to the world: 204 Birth rate 6.91 births/1,000 population (2021 est.) country comparison to the world: 225 Death rate 7.86 deaths/1,000 population (2021 est.) country comparison to the world: 94 Net migration rate 0 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2021 est.) country comparison to the world: 77 Population distribution population is unevenly distributed and is concentrated in the seven urbanized valleys that make up the country's parishes (political administrative divisions) Urbanization urban population: 87.9% of total population (2020) rate of urbanization: -0.31% annual rate of change (2015-20 est.) Major urban areas - population 23,000 ANDORRA LA VELLA (capital) (2018) Sex ratio at birth: 1.07 male(s)/female 0-14 years: 1.06 male(s)/female 15-24 years: 1.06 male(s)/female 25-54 years: 1.04 male(s)/female 55-64 years: 1.12 male(s)/female 65 years and over: 1.03 male(s)/female total population: 1.06 male(s)/female (2020 est.) Infant mortality rate total: 3.5 deaths/1,000 live births male: 3.59 deaths/1,000 live births female: 3.4 deaths/1,000 live births (2021 est.) country comparison to the world: 198 Life expectancy at birth total population: 83.23 years 4 of 14 4/26/2021, 12:12 PM Andorra - The World Factbook https://www.cia.gov/the-world-factbook/countries/andorra/ male: 80.99 years female: 85.6 years (2021 est.) country comparison to the world: 9 Total fertility rate 1.44 children born/woman (2021 est.) country comparison to the world: 212 Drinking water source improved: urban: 100% of population rural: 100% of population total: 100% of population unimproved: urban: 0% of population rural: 0% of population total: 0% of population (2017 est.) Current Health Expenditure 6.7% (2018) Physicians density 3.33 physicians/1,000 population (2015) Hospital bed density 2.5 beds/1,000 population (2009) Sanitation facility access improved: urban: 100% of population rural: 100% of population total: 100% of population unimproved: urban: 0% of population rural: 0% of population total: 0% of population (2017 est.) HIV/AIDS - adult prevalence rate NA HIV/AIDS - people living with HIV/AIDS NA HIV/AIDS - deaths NA Obesity - adult prevalence rate 25.6% (2016) country comparison to the world: 49 Education expenditures 3.2% of GDP (2019) country comparison to the world: 124 5 of 14 4/26/2021, 12:12 PM Andorra - The World Factbook https://www.cia.gov/the-world-factbook/countries/andorra/ Literacy definition: age 15 and over can read and write total population: 100% male: 100% female: 100% (2016) ENVIRONMENT Environment - current issues deforestation; overgrazing of mountain meadows contributes to soil erosion; air pollution; wastewater treatment and solid waste disposal Environment - international agreements party to: Biodiversity, Climate Change, Climate Change-Paris Agreement, Comprehensive Nuclear Test Ban, Desertification, Hazardous Wastes, Ozone Layer Protection, Wetlands signed, but not ratified: none of the selected agreements Air pollutants particulate matter emissions: 9.95 micrograms per cubic meter (2016 est.) carbon dioxide emissions: 0.47 megatons (2016 est.) methane emissions: 0.05 megatons (2020 est.) Total renewable water resources 315.6 million cubic meters (2017 est.) Climate temperate; snowy, cold winters and warm, dry summers Land use agricultural land: 40% (2018 est.) arable land: 1.7% (2018 est.) permanent crops: 0% (2018 est.) permanent pasture: 38.3% (2018 est.) forest: 34% (2018 est.) other: 26% (2018 est.) Revenue from forest resources Forest revenues: 0% of GDP (2018 est.) country comparison to the world: 160 Urbanization urban population: 87.9% of total population (2020) rate of urbanization: -0.31% annual rate of change (2015-20 est.) Waste and recycling municipal solid waste generated annually: 43,000 tons (2012 est.) GOVERNMENT 6 of 14 4/26/2021, 12:12 PM Andorra - The World Factbook https://www.cia.gov/the-world-factbook/countries/andorra/ Country name conventional long form: Principality of Andorra conventional short form: Andorra local long form: Principat d'Andorra local short form: Andorra etymology: the origin of the country's name is obscure; the name may derive from the Arabic "ad-darra" meaning "the forest," a reference to its location as part of the Spanish March (defensive buffer zone) against the invading Moors in the 8th century Government type parliamentary democracy (since March 1993) that retains its chiefs of state in the form of a co-principality; the two princes are the President of France and Bishop of Seu d'Urgell, Spain Capital name: Andorra la Vella geographic coordinates: 42 30 N, 1 31 E time difference: UTC+1 (6 hours ahead of Washington, DC during Standard Time) daylight saving time: +1hr, begins last Sunday in March; ends last Sunday in October etymology: translates as "Andorra the Old" in Catalan Administrative divisions 7 parishes (parroquies, singular - parroquia); Andorra la Vella, Canillo, Encamp, Escaldes-Engordany, La Massana, Ordino, Sant Julia de Loria Independence 1278 (formed under the joint sovereignty of the French Count of Foix and the Spanish Bishop of Urgell) National holiday Our Lady of Meritxell Day, 8 September (1278) Constitution history: drafted 1991, approved by referendum 14 March 1993, effective 28 April 1993 amendments: proposed by the coprinces jointly or by the General Council; passage requires at least a two-thirds majority vote by the General Council, ratification in a referendum, and sanctioning by the coprinces