THE USE OF PRESUPPOSITIONS IN THE INTERACTIONS BETWEEN FOREIGN TOURISTS AND LOCAL INHABITANTS IN BUKITTINGGI, WEST SUMATRA A THESIS BY ANISSA GUSTIA REG. NO: 130705059 DEPARTEMENT OF ENGLISH FACULTY OF CULTURAL STUDIES UNIVERSITY OF SUMATERA UTARA MEDAN 2018 Universitas Sumatera Utara AUTHOR’S DECLARATION I, ANISSA GUSTIA, DECLARE THAT I AM THE SOLE AUTHOR OF THIS THESIS EXCEPT WHERE REFERENCE IS MADE IN THE TEXT OF THIS THESIS. THIS THESIS CONTAINS NO MATERIAL PUBLISHED ELSEWHERE OR EXTRACTED IN WHOLE OR IN PART FROM A THESIS BY WHICH I HAVE QUALIFIED FOR OR A WARDED ANOTHER DEGREE. NO OTHER PERSON’S WORK HAS BEEN USED WITHOUT DUE ACKNOWLEDGMENTS IN THE MAIN TEXT OF THIS THESIS. THIS THESIS HAS NOT BEEN SUBMITTED FOR THE AWARD OF ANOTHER DEGREE IN ANY TERTIARY EDUCATION. Signed : Date : January 4th, 2018 Universitas Sumatera Utara COPYRIGHT DECLARATION NAME : ANISSA GUSTIA TITTLE OF THESIS : THE USE OF PRESUPPOSITIONS IN THE INTERACTIONS BETWEEN FOREIGN TOURISTS AND LOCAL INHABITANTS IN BUKITTINGGI, WEST SUMATRA QUALIFICATION : S-1/SARJANA SASTRA DEPARTMENT : ENGLISH I AM WILLING THAT MY THESIS SHOULD BE AVAILABLE FOR REPRODUCTION AT THE DISCRETION OF THE LIBRARIAN OF DEPARTMENT OF ENGLISH, FACULTY OF CULTURAL STUDIES, UNIVERSITY OF SUMATERA UTARA ON THE UNDERSTANDING THAT USERS ARE MADE AWARE OF THEIR OBLIGATION UNDER THE LAW OF THE REPUBLIC OF INDONESIA. Signed : Date : January 4th, 2018 Universitas Sumatera Utara ACKNOWLEDGMENTS Bismillahirrahmanirrahim, First of all, I would like to thank Allah SWT for giving me everything I need especially to finish this thesis in order to get the degree of Sarjana Sastra from the Department of English, Faculty of Cultural Studies University of Sumatera Utara. My very special gratitude for my beloved parents, Ajisman and Yulinar. Your contribution in this thesis is very special even as hard as mine, your pray, and many things. Also my brother, Dodi Agustria, Megi Saputra, and Yoja Handika for giving me an endless support and always helping me anytime I need you all. I would like to express my sincere gratitude to Dr. Deliana, M.Hum as my supervisor for her kindness, knowledge, patience, motivation and great advices for me to write and finish this thesis. Also, I would like to thank Drs. Mohammad Syafi’ie as my co-supervisor for his kindness, great advices and knowledge to help me in writing this thesis. My gratitude also goes to the Head and the Secretary of Department of English, Dr. Deliana, M.Hum and Rahmadsyah Rangkuti, M.A., Ph.D. and all the lecturers and the staff of Department of English for the facilities and opportunities given to me during my study in this faculty. Thanks to all my friends, Marni, Lisna, Qomah, Vitriya, Dara, Tarmizi, Fadhil, and Henri every help and support for me like true bestfriends. Universitas Sumatera Utara I am so grateful to have such amazing people that supporting me from the beginning until now. Thank you so much for reminding me, supporting me, and always being my energy. Finally, may this thesis gives benefits for the readers and future researcher, may the grace, the bless and the love of Allah SWT always be with us forever, and may we always be in the protection of Allah SWT. Aamiin. Medan, January 4th, 2018 Anissa Gustia Reg. No. 130705059 Universitas Sumatera Utara ABSTRACT The thesis entitled “The Use of Presuppositions in the Interactions between Foreign Tourists and Local Inhabitants in Bukittinggi, West Sumatera.” This research is intended to: (1) identify the types of presupposition in the utterances of foreign tourists in the process of interaction with local inhabitants in Bukittinggi, West Sumatra; and (2) identify the types of speech acts in the utterances of foreign tourists in the process of interaction with local inhabitants in Bukittinggi, West Sumatra. This research used a descriptive qualitative method which was done through collecting, grouping, analyzing and interpreting the research data. The data in this study were the utterances of foreign tourists in the interactions with local inhabitants in Bukittinggi, West Sumatra that contained presupposition. The data were collected through a recording technique. The researcher recorded the conversations or interactions between foreign tourists and local inhabitants in some areas in Bukittinggi, West Sumatra. Based on the data analysis, it was found that: (1) the 6 types of presupposition were used in the foreign tourists’ utterances while having conversations with the local inhabitants in Bukittinggi, and the most frequent type of presupposition used was structural presupposition; (2) the 5 types of speech acts were used in the foreign tourists’ utterances while having conversations with the local inhabitants in Bukittinggi, and the most frequent type of speech act used was directive. This research concludes that presupposition is related to speech acts in order to specify the purpose of the utterance. Although some of the utterances are categorized into the same type of presupposition, they may have different language function. Nevertheless, certain type of presupposition may have a tendency to use a certain type of speech acts more than the other types of speech acts. Keywords: Presupposition, speech acts, foreigner’s utterance, local inhabitant in Bukittinggi Universitas Sumatera Utara ABSTRAK Skripsi ini berjudul “Penggunaan Praanggapan dalam Interaksi antara Wisatawan Asing dan Penduduk Setempat di Bukittinggi, Sumatera Barat.” Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk: (1) menemukan jenis presuposisi yang terdapat pada ujaran yang disampaikan oleh turis asing ketika berinteraksi dengan penduduk setempat di Bukittinggi, Sumatera Barat; dan (2) menemukan jenis tindak tutur yang terdapat pada ujaran yang disampaikan oleh turis asing ketika berinteraksi dengan penduduk setempat di Bukittinggi, Sumatera Barat. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode deskriptif kualitatif yang dilakukan dengan mengumpulkan, mengelompokkan, menganalisis, dan menginterpretasikan data penelitian. Data penelitian ini adalah ujaran yang mengandung presuposisi yang disampaikan oleh turis asing ketika berinteraksi dengan penduduk setempat di Bukittinggi, Sumatera Barat. Data dikumpulkan melalui teknik perekaman. Peneliti merekam percakapan antara turis asing dengan penduduk setempat di beberapa lokasi di Bukittinggi, Sumatera Barat. Berdasarkan hasil analisis data, ditemukan bahwa: (1) keenam jenis presuposisi digunakan dalam percakapan antara turis asing dengan penduduk setempat di Bukittinggi, dan jenis presuposisi yang paling sering digunakan oleh turis asing tersebut adalah presuposisi struktural; (2) kelima jenis tindak tutur digunakan dalam percakapan antara turis asing dengan penduduk setempat di Bukittinggi, dan jenis tindak tutur yang paling paling sering digunakan oleh turis asing adalah direktif. Berdasarkan hasil temuan penelitian, dapat disimpulkan bahwa presuposisi berhubungan dengan tindak tutur yang bertujuan untuk mengkhususkan tujuan dari ujaran yang disampaikan. Walaupun beberapa ujaran dikategorikan kepada jenis presuposisi yang sama, namun ujaran-ujaran tersebut memiliki fungsi bahasa yang berbeda. Meskipun demikian, beberapa jenis presuposisi tertentu mungkin memiliki kecenderungan untuk menggunakan jenis tindak tertentu pula. Kata Kunci: Presuposisi, tindak tutur, ujaran turis asing, penduduk setempat di Bukittinggi Universitas Sumatera Utara TABLE OF CONTENTS Page AUTHOR’S DECLARATION .......................................................................... i COPYRIGHT DECLARATION ...................................................................... ii ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS ................................................................................ iii ABSTRACT ........................................................................................................ v ABSTRAK .......................................................................................................... vi TABLE OF CONTENTS ................................................................................... vii LIST OF TABLES ............................................................................................. x LIST OF FIGURES ........................................................................................... xi LIST OF APPENDICES ................................................................................... xii CHAPTER I : INTRODUCTION 1.1 Background of the Study ................................................ 1 1.2 Problems of the Study .................................................... 3 1.3 Objectives of the Study .................................................. 4 1.4 Scope of the Study .......................................................... 4 1.5 Significance of the Study ............................................... 4 CHAPTER II : REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE 2.1 Pragmatics ...................................................................... 5 2.2 Presuppositions ............................................................... 6 2.3 Types of Presupposition ................................................. 10 2.3.1 Existential Presupposition .............................................. 10 2.3.2 Factive Presupposition ................................................... 11 Universitas Sumatera Utara 2.3.3 Non-factive Presupposition ............................................ 12 2.3.4 Lexical Presupposition ................................................... 12 2.3.5 Structural Presupposition ............................................... 13 2.3.6 Counter-factual Presupposition