The Arab League Education, Culture and Science Organization (ALECSO) is a Tunis-based specialized institution working under the umbrella of the League of Arab States. It is essentially concerned with the development and coordination of the activities related to education, culture and science in the Arab world. The International Telecommunication Union (ITU) is the United Nations specialized agency for Information and Communication Technologies – ICTs. The ITU Arab Regional Office in Egypt provides the support to ITU Members in the Arab Countries under several activities related to ICT development and deployment of telecommunication/ICT infrastructure and services. The designations employed and the presentation of material throughout this publication do not imply the expression of any opinion whatsoever on the part of ALECSO nor ITU. The authors are responsible for the choice and the presentation of the facts contained in this book and for the opinions expressed therein, which are not necessarily those of ALECSO nor ITU and do not commit both organizations. This study was commissioned as part of the project ‘Promoting Cloud Computing Technology in Education’ carried out by ALECSO organization and ITU Arab Regional Office. ALECSO & ITU Arab Regional Office, 2016 “Guidelines to improve the use of the Cloud Computing Technology in Education in Arab Countries by ALECSO & ITU” by ALECSO & ITU is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/ ISBN: 978 – 9973 – 15 – 381 - 4 Edited by: - Prof. Mohamed Jemni and Dr. Mohamed Koutheair KHRIBI, Arab League Educational, Cultural and Scientific Organization - ALECSO. - Mr. Slaheddine Maaref, International Telecommunication Union ITU Arab Regional Office. Prepared by: - Prof. Farouk Kamoun, University of Manouba, Tunisia - Prof. Christophe Cerin, University of Paris 13, France - Eng. Karim Chine, United Kingdom - Dr. Heithem Abbes, University of ElManar, Tunisia - Dr. Wajdi Louati, University of Sfax, Tunisia Published by Arab League Educational, Cultural and Scientific International Telecommunication Union ITU Organization - ALECSO Regional Office for the Arab States Street of Mohamed Ali Akid, Centre Urbain Nord, BP Smart Village, Giza, Egypt 1120, Cité Khadra 1003, Republic of Tunisia Tel. : +216 70 01 39 07 Tel. : +20 2 353 71777 Fax : +216 71 94 86 61 Fax : +20 2 353 71888 Web : www.alecso.org Web : http://www.itu.int JEMNI, Mohamed Guidelines to improve the use of the Cloud Computing Technology in Education in Arab Countries / ed. By Mohamed Jemni, Mohamed Koutheair Khribi, Slaheddine Maaref; prep. By Farouk Kamoun, Christophe Cerin, Karim Chine…[et al.] . – Tunis: Arab League Educational, Cultural and Scientific Organization; Cairo: International telecommunication Union ITU. Regional Office for the Arab States, 2016. – 139 p. ISBN : 978 – 9973-15-381-4 وق/001/05/2017 2 Outline Executive Summary ............................................................................................................... 6 Chapter 1 ............................................................................................................................ 16 State of the Art in Cloud Adoption and Cloud Technologies .................................................. 16 1.1. Introduction ................................................................................................................ 16 1.2. Elements of context...................................................................................................... 17 1.2.1. Cloud Services Models, SaaS, PaaS, IaaS ................................................................. 17 1.2.2. Cloud Market Evolution ......................................................................................... 18 1.2.3. Cloud Usage Evolution .......................................................................................... 19 1.2.4. Cloud and Data Science .......................................................................................... 20 1.3. Cloud computing in education and research, initiatives and Surveys .................................. 21 1.3.1. European Commission's initiatives in Cloud Computing ............................................. 21 1.3.2. National Science Foundation (NSF) initiatives in cloud computing .............................. 24 1.3.3. French initiatives in Cloud Computing ..................................................................... 27 1.4.Cloud computing in education and research, overview of technologies, providers and use cases ........................................................................................................................................ 30 1.4.1.Elements about the Public Cloud Ecosystem .............................................................. 30 1.4.2.Elements about the private clouds ecosystem ............................................................. 38 1.5. Conclusion .................................................................................................................. 42 References ........................................................................................................................ 43 Chapter2 ............................................................................................................................. 47 State of ICT and .................................................................................................................. 47 cloud computing in education in the Arab World .................................................................. 47 2.1. Introduction ................................................................................................................ 47 2.2 . ICT status in the Arab world ................................................................................... 47 2.2.1. The ITU ICT Development Index ............................................................................ 48 2.2.2 The Internet Penetration according to Internet World Stats .......................................... 50 2.3. Survey Methodology on cloud computing in education in the Arab world ........................... 51 2.4. Survey Results ............................................................................................................ 51 2.4.1. Sample characteristics ............................................................................................ 51 2.4.2. ICT Status ............................................................................................................ 53 2.4.3. Survey results for institutions that do not use the cloud in a production stage ................ 55 2.4.4. Survey results for institutions using the cloud in a production stage ............................. 59 2.5. Conclusion .................................................................................................................. 62 References ........................................................................................................................ 63 3 Chapter 3 ............................................................................................................................ 65 Cloud adoption: Policy guidelines ......................................................................................... 65 3.1. Introduction ................................................................................................................ 65 3.2. Key policy one: high quality network ............................................................................. 65 3.2.1. Main guidelines for the implementation of key policy 1 for ministries in charge of higher education and research .................................................................................................... 66 3.2.2. Main guidelines for the implementation of key policy 1 for universities/ higher education institutions ..................................................................................................................... 66 3.3. Key Policy 2: Always Public cloud first.......................................................................... 66 3.3.1.Main guidelines for the implementation of key policy 2 for ministries in charge of higher education and research .................................................................................................... 67 3.3.2. Main guidelines for the implementation of key policy 2 for universities/ higher education institutions ..................................................................................................................... 68 3.4. Key policy 3: “Cloudify” the existing local infrastructures and applications at institutional level ........................................................................................................................................ 68 3.4.1.Main guidelines for the implementation of key policy 3 for ministries in charge of higher education and research .................................................................................................... 69 3.4.2.Main guidelines for the implementation of key policy 3 for Universities/ higher education institutions ..................................................................................................................... 69 3.5. Key policy 4: Adopt a cloud friendly governance model for IT .......................................... 69 3.5.1. Main guidelines for the implementation of key policy 4 for Ministry in charge