Icarus & Daedalus In the steps of the Myth About this book Agia Galini is the setting for one of the most enduring myths of Greece - Icarus and Daedalus. This book highlights the Daedalus trail, in modern times. The history surrounding the myth and the locations of the story. Icarus & Daedalus The Myth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gia Galini - home to the story of Icarus and Daedalus Statues of Icarus and Daedalus watch over the harbour area of the village Agia Galini, ancient Soulia, was a port in Minoan times, but fell out of use until the late 19th century. Today it is vibrant fishing and tourist area in South Crete. South Crete has rugged terrain, spectacular scenery, and clean and sandy beaches. In 2012 the Daedalus and Icarus Society of Agia Galini opened a new Greek amphitheater overlooking the harbour. Agia Galini is set to become a cultural capital of Crete. Icarus & Daedalus Probable history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`.*#"+(8V(0#S0'(6"+=#$(.*(01#( )"%%':(B1#7()#+#("(%"-7+.*01?()1.61(.*("*6.#*0(9+#0"*("60&"%%7(+#A#++#$(03("(2%"6#()1#+#("*.@"%'( )#+#(<#20:(R'(.0(*30(23''.-%#(01"0(I.*>(J.*3'M($#A3+@#$('3*()"'(-"*.'1#$(03('&61("(2%"6#(03(%.=#( ).01(01#("*.@"%'a ;#*6#(01#('03+7(01"0(!"#$"%&'(-&.%0(01#(%"-7+.*01(.'(2+3-"-%7(63++#60?("'(01.'()3&%$(1"=#(-##*(03( C&"++7('03*#(A3+(01#(2"%"6#'()1#+#(1#()"'("+61.0#60:(T&61("(2%"6#()3&%$(1"=#(-##*(&'#$(03(<##2( "*.@"%'("*$(2+.'3*#+'("E#+(.0'(&'#A&%*#''()"'('2#*0:(R0(@"7("%'3(-#(01"0(01#'#(6"=#'()#+#( @3$#%#$(&23*(013'#(.*(b>720(3A(01#('"@#(#+"?()1#+#(03@-'(A3+(<.*>'()#+#(63*'0+&60#$(@"$#(3A( @"*7(+33@'("*$(2"''">#':(c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`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de:(/'(A3+()1#+#(1#($.#$?(1.'03+7( .'(&*6%#"+:(B1#(@3'0(63@@3*(+#A#+#*6#(.'(03(b>720?('2#6.P6"%%7(03("*(.'%#0(.*(01#(c.%#?()1#+#( !"#$"%&'()"'('&-'#C&#*0%7(13*3&+#$("'("(>3$: /%%(3A(01.'(033<(2%"6#("+3&*$(fgee(7#"+'(">3h Knossos - home of King Minos Daedalus was the court architect for King Minos and was reputed to have built Knossos Bull jumping was a known pastime in ancient Minoan Crete. The Cretan bull was a well known species, now extinct and fighting the bull was common. On the south side of Crete, Phaestos - one of the Minoan palaces attributed to Daedalus Built on a rock promontory overlooking the Messara plain, Phaestos commands a view of the surrounding countryside. It was built from stone quarried not far away at Gortys. The resultant caves left by the quarrying, are over 2.5km long and are referred to as the ‘Labyrinth caves’ - see later in this book! Nearby is the ancient port of Komos and the ancient site of Agia Triada, also both attributed to Daedalus in his role as chief architect to Minos. Agia Triada is approx 3km from Phaestos Icarus & Daedalus The Labyrinthine Caves Arthur Evans, the excavator of the palace of Knossos, claimed the labyrinth of ancient times must have been at Knossos due to its large size and endless sequence of rooms. No one knows for sure. However, more realistically, the caves to the south of Crete on the Messara plain have been used as a quarry since ancient history, and given their location, size, shape and references in ancient texts, along with ancient Minoan texts being found in the caves, these would seem more likely. Daedalus was credited with building the caves/labyrinth and as he was chief architect to Minos, and is reputed to have built Phaestos and Agia Triada, then it is more likely he would have used these caves. It is accepted by the Cretan people that the Labyrinth Cave - an ancient quarry-cave to the north of Gortys - is the labyrinth of the Minotaur, although the French archeologist, Paul Faure, claims the cave called Agia Paraskevi near Skotino - was the labyrinth. The caves are over 2,5Km long, and over 9000 sqM in area, and are comprised of tunnels and interlocking rooms.