AUSTRALIAN HUMAN RIGHTS COMMISSION Cyberbullying and the Bystander RESEARCH FINDINGS AND INSIGHTS REPORT Prepared by Child Health Promotion Research Centre, Edith Cowan University CYBERBULLYING AND THE BYSTANDER • 2012 AND THE BYSTANDER CYBERBULLYING for the Australian Human Rights Commission Australian Human Rights Commission www.humanrights.gov.au Australian Human Rights Commission Level 3, 175 Pitt Street SYDNEY NSW 2000 GPO Box 5218 SYDNEY NSW 2001 Telephone: (02) 9284 9600 Complaints Infoline: 1300 656 419 General enquiries and publications: 1300 369 711 TTY: 1800 620 241 Fax: (02) 9284 9611 Website: www.humanrights.gov.au Authors: Dr Laura Thomas Ms Sarah Falconer Professor Donna Cross Ms Helen Monks Dr Debora Brown Acknowledgements: Ms Jacinth Watson Ms Liz Wenden Ms Jacquie Phegan Page i of 197 Table of Contents List of Figures ............................................................................................................................................. v Chapter 1. Executive summary ................................................................................................................. 1 Chapter 2. Introduction .............................................................................................................................. 5 2.1 Project Context ............................................................................................................................... 5 2.2 Background to Bystander Research ............................................................................................... 6 2.2.1 Policy, Practice and Theory ......................................................................................................... 8 2.2.2 Online Resource Analysis ......................................................................................................... 12 Chapter 3. Methods .................................................................................................................................. 15 3.1 Project Objectives – Stage 2 ........................................................................................................ 15 3.2 Research Framework ................................................................................................................... 15 3.3 Description of Project Phases One and Two ................................................................................ 16 3.3.1 PHASE ONE: Stage 1 ............................................................................................................... 16 3.3.2 PHASE ONE: Stage 2 ............................................................................................................... 17 3.4 Limitations ..................................................................................................................................... 21 Chapter 4. Results .................................................................................................................................... 22 4.1 Cyber Friendly Student Leader Consultation ................................................................................ 22 4.2 Student Edge: „Power Poll‟ and „Your Say‟ ................................................................................... 30 4.2.1 Power Poll ................................................................................................................................. 30 4.2.2 Your Say .................................................................................................................................... 31 4.3 Student Focus Groups .................................................................................................................. 45 Chapter 5. Social marketing campaign evaluation and monitoring recommendations .................... 68 Chapter 6. References .............................................................................................................................. 71 Chapter 7. Appendices ............................................................................................................................. 74 Appendix 1: Expanded description of research methods .................................................................... 75 Appendix 2: 20 Questions survey instrument ....................................................................................... 89 Appendix 3: School recruitment letter ................................................................................................... 92 Appendix 4: Active parent consent letter .............................................................................................. 96 Appendix 5: Passive parent consent letter ............................................................................................ 99 Page ii of 197 Appendix 6: Focus Group Protocol ...................................................................................................... 102 Appendix 7: Focus group demographic survey .................................................................................. 111 Appendix 8: Student Edge question ..................................................................................................... 113 Appendix 9: 20 Questions summary results ....................................................................................... 115 Appendix 10: Student Edge „your say‟ summary results ................................................................... 125 Appendix 11: Focus group student demographics summary results .............................................. 182 Appendix 12: Focus group complete list of slogans .......................................................................... 184 Page iii of 197 List of Tables Table 1. Website analysis – availability and accesability of bystander information ................................... 13 Table 2. Socio-demographic factors of schools participating in focus groups ........................................... 18 Table 3. Sample selection .......................................................................................................................... 19 Table 4. Description of students attending the CFSP Cyber Friendly Student Leader training day .......... 22 Table 5. Students‟ favourite Australian movie hero .................................................................................... 23 Table 6. Students‟ favourite Australian TV hero ......................................................................................... 23 Table 7. Students‟ favourite Australian sporting heroes ............................................................................. 23 Table 8. Funniest celebrity on TV or in Australian movies ......................................................................... 24 Table 9. Games students play on their phone............................................................................................ 24 Table 10. Games students play on Facebook and elsewhere online? ...................................................... 25 Table 11. Students‟ favourite game on their mobile telephone .................................................................. 25 Table 12. Students‟ phone type, frequency of phone replacement and phone type decision maker ........ 26 Table 13. Students‟ iTouch, iPad or any other tablet ownership ................................................................ 26 Table 14. Students‟ favourite way to chat to their friends after school ....................................................... 27 Table 15. Students‟ most frequently stated positive and negative comments ........................................... 27 Table 16. Finish this sentence: "bullies are…” ........................................................................................... 28 Table 17. Students‟ perceptions of what might prevent someone from acting as a bystander to cyberbullying and what might motivate someone to act as a bystander to cyberbullying .......................... 28 Table 18. Actions students saw a friend do that really impressed them and made them think they were not very nice, and really make students mad ................................................................................................... 29 Table 19. Students‟ preferred method of communication for cyberbullying campaigns............................. 30 Table 20. Student Edge discussion board response rate .......................................................................... 32 Table 21. Student Edge „your say‟ participant demographics .................................................................... 33 Table 22. Positive cyberbullying bystander messages identified in your say discussion board ................ 39 Table 23. Focus group participant demographics ...................................................................................... 46 Table 24. Focus group participant technology use .................................................................................... 47 Table 25. Top rated respondent created slogans ...................................................................................... 53 Table 26. Student responses to „what rights do young people have?‟ ....................................................... 65 Table 27. Student responses to „what responsibilities do young people have?‟ ........................................ 66 Page iv of 197 List of Figures Figure 1. Student Edge „your say‟ screen image ......................................................................................