Fundamental Components n A “Brain” to control robot’s actions & respond to sensory ROBOTICS inputs u a computer of some kind n Robot body -- physical structure that holds pieces together n Actuators that allow robot to move nDefinition of a Robot u usually motors uA machine whose behavior is controlled by a n Sensors that give information about the environment computer program u Visual/nonvisual u Internal state / external u Active/passive n A power source n Communications HW / SW Types of Robots Robotics n Non-mobile u Machine loading u Pick and place operations n Intrinsically Interdisciplinary u Welding, painting, assembly operations u Manufacturing n Mechanical Engineering u Inspection n Electrical Engineering u Robot arms n Mobile n Computer Science u Tethered n Chemical Engineering u Autonomous n Cognitive Psychology / Biology / F Anthropomorphic Neuroscience F Androids F Biomisetric Brief History of Robotics n 1959 - Planet Corp., 1st commercially available robot n 1962 - GM installs 1st industrial robot on an assembly line n 1964 - AI labs opened at MIT & SRI n 1801 - Jacquard Loom u punch card controlled textile machine n 1967 - Mark II Robot imported to Japan for paint spraying n 1890 - 1st autonomous vehicles (Tesla) n 1968 - SRI builds Shakey n 1922 - 1st reference to “robot” in Capek play (“RUR”) u 1st mobile robot operated using AI techniques n 1938 - Pollard & Roselund, programmable paint sprayer n 1970 - 1st robot arm developed at Stanford n 1973 - T#, 1st minicomputer controlled industrial robot n 1946 - DeVol, General purpose magnetic playback device for controlling machines u used extensively in industry n 1976 - Robot arms used on Viking 1 & 2 space probes n 1946 - Eckert & Mauchly, ENIAC electronic computer n 1948 - MIT Prof. Wiener publishes “Cybernetics” n 1977 - ASEA(Europe) builds 1st microcomputer controlled robot n 1952 - 1st Numerical Control machine built at MIT n 1980s and on - Rapid growth in robot industry n 1954 - Duvoll designs 1st programmable robot u Japan becomes the biggest playe u Unimation: 1st robot company 1 Some Advantages of Robots Some Disadvantages n Increased productivity, safety, efficiency, quality n Robots can displace humans of products u economic & social problems n Can work in hazardous environments, no need for support n Can’t respond to unpredictable emergencies n Need no environmental comforts n Safety measures needed to prevent injury to operators or other machines n Work continuously w/o fatigue, boredom, etc. n Although superior in some ways, robots have n Have repeatable precision at all times limited capabilities n Can be more accurate than humans u degrees of freedom, dexterity, sensors, vision n Have many capabilities beyond those of humans systems, real-time response n Can process multiple stimuli/tasks simultaneously n Costly 2.