City and Borough of Wrangell Multi-Jurisdictional Hazard Mitigation Plan April 2019 Prepared by: Alaska This document was prepared under a grant from the Federal Emergency Management Agency (FEMA)'s Grant Programs Directorate, U.S. Department of Homeland Security, and the Alaska Division of Homeland Security and Emergency Management. Points of view or opinions expressed in this document are those of the authors and do not necessarily represent the official position or policies of FEMA's Grant Programs Directorate, the U.S. Department of Homeland Security, or the State of Alaska. Front Cover Photo Acknowledgment: City and Borough of Wrangell Photos: (http://www.wrangell.com/photos) CITY AND BOROUGH OF WRANGELL MULTI-JURISDICTIONAL HAZARD MITIGATION PLAN TABLE OF CONTENTS 1.0 INTRODUCTION ..................................................................................................................... 1-1 1.1 OVERVIEW .................................................................................................................... 1-1 1.2 AUTHORITIES AND REQUIREMENTS .................................................................................. 1-1 1.3 MITIGATION PLAN REQUIREMENTS - GRANT PROGRAMS .................................................... 1-3 1.3.1 Hazard Mitigation Assistance (HMA) Grant Programs ...................................... 1-5 1.3.2 MJHMP Layout Description ............................................................................. 1-7 2.0 COMMUNITY DESCRIPTION .................................................................................................. 2-1 2.1 PLANNING AREA LOCATION, GEOGRAPHY, AND HISTORY ................................................... 2-1 2.2 DEMOGRAPHICS ............................................................................................................ 2-4 2.3 ECONOMY ..................................................................................................................... 2-5 3.0 PLANNING PROCESS ............................................................................................................ 3-1 3.1 OVERVIEW .................................................................................................................... 3-2 3.2 PLANNING TEAM ............................................................................................................ 3-3 3.3 PUBLIC INVOLVEMENT AND OPPORTUNITIES FOR INTERESTED PARTIES TO PARTICIPATE ....... 3-4 3.3.1 Wrangell Cooperative Association and the Central Council of the Tlingit and Haida Indian Tribes of Alaska’s “Public” Determination .................................... 3-5 3.4 LEGACY 2009 HMP REVIEW AND ANALYSIS ..................................................................... 3-5 3.5 2016 UPDATE HMP PLANNING ACTIVITIES ....................................................................... 3-8 3.6 PLAN MAINTENANCE .................................................................................................... 3-10 3.6.1 Incorporating Existing Plans and Other Relevant Information ......................... 3-10 3.6.2 Integrating THMP Precepts into Existing Planning Mechanisms..................... 3-11 3.6.3 Continued Public Involvement ....................................................................... 3-12 3.6.4 Monitoring, Reviewing, Evaluating, and Updating the MJHMP ....................... 3-12 3.6.5 Formal State and FEMA MJHMP Review ...................................................... 3-15 3.6.6 Tribal or Native Village Mitigation Grant Application Process Considerations . 3-16 4.0 JURISDICTIONAL ADOPTION ................................................................................................ 4-1 4.1 JURISDICTIONAL ADOPTION ............................................................................................. 4-1 4.2 TRIBAL GOVERNMENT MJHMP ADOPTION ....................................................................... 4-1 5.0 HAZARD ANALYSIS ............................................................................................................... 5-1 5.1 OVERVIEW .................................................................................................................... 5-1 5.2 HAZARD IDENTIFICATION AND SCREENING ........................................................................ 5-1 5.3 PLANNING AREA AND HAZARD PROFILES .......................................................................... 5-2 5.3.1 Earthquake ..................................................................................................... 5-4 5.3.2 Flood ............................................................................................................ 5-13 5.3.3 Ground Failure .............................................................................................. 5-25 5.3.4 Tsunami and Seiche ..................................................................................... 5-29 5.3.5 Volcanic Hazards .......................................................................................... 5-35 5.3.1 Weather ........................................................................................................ 5-45 5.3.2 Wildland Fire ................................................................................................. 5-59 6.0 VULNERABILITY ASSESSMENT ........................................................................................... 6-1 i CITY AND BOROUGH OF WRANGELL MULTI-JURISDICTIONAL HAZARD MITIGATION PLAN 6.1 OVERVIEW .................................................................................................................... 6-1 6.2 CULTURAL AND HISTORIC RESOURCE .............................................................................. 6-2 6.2.1 Cultural and Sacred Site Sensitivity ................................................................. 6-3 6.3 LAND USE AND DEVELOPMENT TRENDS ........................................................................... 6-3 6.3.1 City and Borough Land Use ............................................................................ 6-3 6.3.2 Tribal Traditional Land Use ........................................................................... 6-10 6.4 CURRENT ASSET EXPOSURE ANALYSIS .......................................................................... 6-10 6.4.1 Asset Inventory ............................................................................................. 6-10 6.5 NATIONAL FLOOD INSURANCE PROGRAM PARTICIPATION ................................................. 6-24 6.5.1 Repetitive Loss Properties............................................................................. 6-24 6.5.2 Wrangell’s Legacy Flood Hazard Mapping ..................................................... 6-24 6.6 VULNERABILITY ASSESSMENT METHODOLOGY ................................................................ 6-27 6.7 DATA LIMITATIONS ....................................................................................................... 6-28 6.8 VULNERABILITY EXPOSURE ANALYSIS ............................................................................ 6-28 6.8.1 Exposure Analysis – Narrative Summaries .................................................... 6-30 6.9 FUTURE DEVELOPMENT ................................................................................................ 6-33 7.0 MITIGATION STRATEGY ...................................................................................................... 7-39 7.1 OVERVIEW .................................................................................................................. 7-39 7.2 COMMUNITY NAME’S CAPABILITY ASSESSMENT .............................................................. 7-39 7.3 DEVELOPING MITIGATION GOALS................................................................................... 7-45 7.4 IDENTIFYING MITIGATION ACTIONS ................................................................................. 7-46 7.5 EVALUATING AND PRIORITIZING MITIGATION ACTIONS ...................................................... 7-50 7.6 MITIGATION ACTION PLAN............................................................................................. 7-52 7.7 MONITORING MITIGATION STRATEGY PROGRESS ............................................................ 7-57 7.7.1 Reviewing HMP Successes ........................................................................... 7-57 7.7.2 Wrangell’s Project Successes ....................................................................... 7-57 7.8 IMPLEMENTING MITIGATION STRATEGY INTO EXISTING PLANNING MECHANISMS ................. 7-58 8.0 REFERENCES ........................................................................................................................ 8-1 9.0 APPENDICES ............................................................................................................................ 1 Appendix A Funding Resources Appendix B FEMA Review Tool, Multi-Jurisdictional Hazard Mitigation Plan (MJHMP) Appendix C Community MJHMP Adoption Resolutions Appendix D – Public Outreach Activities Appendix E – Benefit-Cost Analysis Fact Sheet Appendix F – Plain Maintenance Documents ii CITY AND BOROUGH OF WRANGELL MULTI-JURISDICTIONAL HAZARD MITIGATION PLAN LIST OF FIGURES Figure 2-1 Wrangell’s Location Map ........................................................................................... 2-1 Figure 2-2 City and Borough of Wrangell’s Historic Population ............................................... 2-4 Figures 2-3 CBW Employment Industry