Climate Resilience Feasibility Study of Facilities at Fraser Canyon Hospital Michal Bartko and Iain Macdonald A1-010678.2 29 September 2017 Climate Resilience Feasibility Study of Buildings at Fraser Canyon Hospital Author Michal Bartko, Ph.D. Research Officer Approved Trevor Nightingale, P.D. Program Leader, High Performance Buildings, NRC Construction Report No: A1-010678.2 Report Date: 29 September 2017 Contract No: A1-010678 Agreement date: 16 December 2016 Program: High Performance Buildings 26 pages Copy no. 1 of 4 This report may not be reproduced in whole or in part without the written consent of the National Research Council Canada and the Client. CLIMATE RESILIENCE FEASIBILITY STUDY OF FACILITIES AT FRASER CANYON HOSPITAL Table of Contents List of Figures ............................................................................................................................. v List of Tables .............................................................................................................................. v Executive Summary .................................................................................................................. vii 2. Introduction ............................................................................................................................ 1 2.1 Methodology ........................................................................................................................ 2 2.2 Fraser Canyon Hospital, Hope ............................................................................................. 2 3. Site Visit and Analysis ............................................................................................................ 3 4. Weather Data Analysis ........................................................................................................... 5 4.1 Future Weather Predictions .................................................................................................. 8 4.2 Analysis of on-site sensor recorded data .............................................................................12 5. Variables with the Highest Impact on Energy Efficiency ........................................................15 6. Building Models .....................................................................................................................15 6.1 Analysed Cases ..................................................................................................................17 6.2 Results of Simulations .........................................................................................................17 6.2.1 Acute and Lodge Buildings ...........................................................................................17 6.2.1.1 Cooling Energy Consumption .................................................................................17 6.2.1.1 Cooling Coil Capacity .............................................................................................19 6.2.2 Lodge Addition Building ................................................................................................20 6.2.2.1 Cooling Energy Consumption .................................................................................20 7. Scenario Evaluation ..............................................................................................................22 8. Energy Performance Evaluation Tool ....................................................................................23 9. Summary and Discussion ......................................................................................................23 Appendix A: Buildings of Fraser Canyon Hospital Appendix B: Summary of the Model Inputs Appendix C: Building Envelope Retrofit Scenarios Final Report A1-010678.2 iii CLIMATE RESILIENCE FEASIBILITY STUDY OF FACILITIES AT FRASER CANYON HOSPITAL Final Report A1-010678.2 iv CLIMATE RESILIENCE FEASIBILITY STUDY OF FACILITIES AT FRASER CANYON HOSPITAL List of Figures Figure 1. Examples of Infrared (IR) photos used for building envelope analysis ......................... 4 Figure 2. Example of data logger placement for longitudinal measurement of temperature and relative humidity .................................................................................................................. 5 Figure 3. Summer outdoor air temperatures (2009 to 2011)…………………………………….…..6 Figure 4. Summer outdoor air temperatures (2012 to 2014)…………….…………………….…….7 Figure 5. Summer outdoor air temperatures (2015 and 2016)……………………………….……...8 Figure 6. Summer outdoor air temperatures for 2016, and predictions for 2020 ........................10 Figure 7. Summer outdoor air temperatures predictions for 2050 ..............................................11 Figure 8. Comparison of average Monthly (June to September inclusive) outdoor temperatures for 2016, and predicted values for 2020 and 2050 .............................................................11 Figure 9. Outdoor and indoor temperature runs, example June 2017…………………………… 12 Figure 10. Outdoor and indoor relative humidity runs, example June 2017……….. …………… 12 Figure 11. Thermal Comfort Conditions by ASHRAE……………………………………………… 13 Figure 12. Geometrical model of Acute and Lodge buildings .....................................................16 Figure 13. Geometrical model of Lodge Addition building .........................................................16 Figure 14. Cooling energy consumption for the Acute and Lodge buildings for two occupancy conditions: (i) Standard , and; (ii) Worst case scenario for (June to September inclusive) of 2016 and that predicted for 2020 and 2050 ....................... Error! Bookmark not defined.18 Figure 15.Total Cooling Energy Consumption for Acute and Lodge Buildings…………………. 19 Figure 16. Cooling coil capacity: Acute and Lodge Buildings .....................................................19 Figure 17. Future predictions of indoor temperature above set point temperatures ...................20 Figure 18. Cooling energy consumption for the Lodge Addition building for two occupancy conditions: (i) Standard , and; (ii) Worst case for (June to September inclusive) of 2016 and that predicted for 2020 and 2050. ............................. Error! Bookmark not defined.21 Figure 19. Cooling coil capacities for various retrofit scenarios…………………………...……… 22 Figure 20. Future predictions for HVAC system demand…………………………………………..25 List of Tables Table 1. Matrix of simulation instances .....................................................................................17 Table 2. Cost estimates of retrofit options…………………………………………………………... 23 Final Report A1-010678.2 v CLIMATE RESILIENCE FEASIBILITY STUDY OF FACILITIES AT FRASER CANYON HOSPITAL Final Report A1-010678.2 vi CLIMATE RESILIENCE FEASIBILITY STUDY OF FACILITIES AT FRASER CANYON HOSPITAL Executive Summary In January 2017, Lower Mainland Facilities Management (LMFM) and the National Research Council (NRC) launched an energy and climate resilience feasibility study. This study focused on the Fraser Canyon Hospital (FCH) in Hope, BC. The FCH study was intended to help inform how the FCH facility may be retrofitted and how new facilities may be designed, to reduce risks and increase resilience in the context of B.C.'s climate change reality. Specifically, the project will contribute to FH’s work in assessing and developing resiliency plans for 50% of their core sites by 2020 and 100% by 2025. This final report provides a summary of work and reports on findings from five activities: Site visit to the Fraser Canyon Hospital (FCH) to interview operations staff, administrators, and conduct a review of building energy systems to help inform whole building performance models; FCH performance assessment (ability to maintain acceptable indoor environmental conditions) for current and future weather conditions using whole building performance models; Retrofit scenario evaluation; Analysis of indoor temperature and relative humidity (RH) data recorded by sensors installed during the site visit; Development of a simple software tool to enable evaluation of alternative energy efficiency measures and to explore which measures have the greatest potential for energy reduction/savings and GHG reduction. Key findings from the study include: FCH operations and administration staff report elevated temperatures in the building during events of extreme heat. Operations staff reported that the HVAC system was operating at full capacity most daytime hours during the summer. Maximum recorded indoor temperature did not exceed 24°C between January 26th and June 26th 2017. Thermal bridging as well as air leakage apparently was occurring in susceptible places such as wall-floor and wall-roof connections and at window locations within the walls. Several retrofit options were numerically evaluated for the FCH facilities. The most desirable solution when considering energy efficiency, environmental impact, potential emergency situations as well as retrofit costs included building envelope upgrades to achieve greater thermal resistance and horizontal shading elements above windows; additionally, these upgrades permitted attaining grater levels of climate resiliency. Final Report A1-010678.2 vii CLIMATE RESILIENCE FEASIBILITY STUDY OF FACILITIES AT FRASER CANYON HOSPITAL Climate analysis: Weather projections for years 2020 and 2050 were made using a commercial tool. The annual maximum temperature was predicted to increase from 36°C in 2016 to 40°C