1.0 1.0 1.1 1.1 111111.25 111111.4 111111.6 111111.25 IIIIP .4 111111.6 MICROCOPY RESOLUTION TEST CHART MICROCOPY RESOLUTION TEST CHART NATIONAL BUREAU Of STANDARDS-1963-A NATIDNAL BUREAU Of STANDARDS-1963·A Botanical Descriptions of Forty Artificial Ane .JJ"triJj ... By ELBERT L. LITTLE, JR., and FRANCIS I. RIGHTER 'rhe authors nre, respectively, dendrologist, Forest Service, U.S. De­ partment of Agriculture, Washington, D.C., and geneticist (retired), Institute of Forest Genetics, Pncific Southwest Forest and Range Experiment Sto.tion, Forest Service, U.S. Department of Agriculture, Berkeley, Calif. .. Technical Bulletin No. 1345 ... u.S. DEPART~IE.NT OF AGRICULTURE. FOREST SERVIOE Wnsh ington, D.C. ~0250 October 1965 For sale by the Superintendent of Documents, LS. Government Printing Office Washington, D.C., 20402 - Price 25 cents MAY 19 1967 CONTENTS Palle Introduction. ~ _ • _. _,. e. _ • • • 1 Ueview of litorn.turo. _." ." _ _. ~ . _ ." " .... ".. _ 2 ]>roced U['e" "_" _• ___ "_ "_ .. _"_ . _ .. " .... " .• 2 Designating hybrid fores!, trees.•... _ "." .. ,_. • _ 3 Descriptions. .. .. _" __ ~ _... __ '.' _.... ___. __ ...... ___ ... _ _ .. .. 4 Soft pi[\e hyb[:icis, Pinus subgenus Slrob1/.s f{aplo.cylon(!) .. 5 Pinus lam berli(£'n lL Doug!. X P. (Lr'Tn(LTld·iiF'mnch. (fig. 1). 5 Pin'us l(£mbertilLn(£ Doug!. X P. kor(£'iensis Sieb. &- Zuce. _. () Pi'TlIUS jlexilis ,JiI.mes X P. strobijormis Engelm.•__ ." 6 P~nll.s mO'/lt~cola Doug!. X P. stro~i!ormi8 Engelm. 7 P~nus mont'/,coi(£ Doug!. X P. jlcX1.l'/,s James __ ., _ _ _ _ ___ ,. 8 Pinus monticola, Doug!. X P. strob'IIAs L. and reciprocnl ('ross (fig. 2) __ ~_~ ______________ .. ______ . ____ .. _, 8 Pinus monticoln Dougl.. X P. lJeuce Griseb. _•. __ ..• _. LO Pinll~~ lJe:uce Griseb. X P. strob1UI L... ___ . _. .. _. _ .. 11 Pinu.'! flexilis ,JltlneS X P. qn:ffithii McOlelln.nd (fig. 3). _.. 11 Pinus strobUN .L. X P. {/rijfithii McOleliand, P. Xschwerini'i Fitschen (fig. 2). __ . _w., _____ ._. _ .. __ •• _. _____ " __ 12 Pin'us monticola. Dougl. X P. {rr~ffithii McClelland (fig. 2) ..:­ 14 Hitni pi[\e bybrids, Pi1l/us subgenus Pinus (DilJlox!Jlon). 15 Pin'us ni[!l'a Arnold X P. resinosa Ait. (fir,. 4). __ ~" __ ..... 15 Pin'u,s elliottii Engclm. X P. pal·u.stns Mill. and I'cciprocal cross" __ ~ .. _.. ....... .. ~ .. _.... __ .. __ .... ___ .. ~ .. .. .... .. .......... .. 17 Pimt.', elliottii Engelm. X P. taecia, L. nnd recipl'Ocnl Cl'OSS (fig. 5). _.. _ .......................... _ .. _. _" . _ .. " ..... __ ....... __ .• 17 PiIl:U.8 ecMnata Mill. X P. clliotti,i Engelm. (fig. 5).... 18 Pinus echinni(£ Mill. X P. tnecla. L. efig. 5) ___ • __ • ___ .... _ tI) P'i-n'us lJun[lenS Lnmb. X P. ec/tirwta. Mill. (fig. 4) ...... 20 Pinu.~(fig. r'i!lida5),, __ •••Mill. ______________ X P. echinata ._ Mill. .. ____________ n.nd reciprocnl •• _ cros::; •• _.. 21 Pinusri{]iria, Mill. X P. i(1.eli(£ L. (fig. 5) .. _" .. _.. ____ • _ _ _ .. 2:3 Pinll.s ri{]idn :Mill. X sel'otina, Michx. (fig. 4) ...... _.. _.. P. 28 ...: Pinus l)ondero,~a. Ln.ws. VllI·. ponderosa X vnl'. arizO'll:ica CEngelm.) Shu,w ________ .. ___ ._ .... _.. __ .~ __ ._, __ .. 24 Pinu.s ponderos(1. Lltws. VItI'. lJOnlierosa. X P. monlezulnae I- LlLmb. (fig. (3).------­ ..... ____ .. __ .• ____ ... _____ _ 25 ~ Pi'll/US ponderosa. LILWS. vn.r. scopuiormn Engelm. X P. montez'uma,e Lllmb. efig. 6) ____ .. ___ ~. __ ~._."" ... _____ _ 2() ,. Pin1ls en{]elm(£nnii OIUT. X P. rnontezwn(£cLnmb. __ .. _" .... 27 Pin1l.s jeffreyi Grov. &- Bn.If. X P. montezumne Lamb. _._ .. 28 Vinus .1Jonderos(t Laws. VIti·. 1londe-rosa X P. e'r!yel'lTlwnnii On1'r. I1nd [·eciprocn.I cross (fig. 6) ___ .. ___ .. _" _.. " __ .. __ ... 28 •• II Pinus engelmannii CUIT. X P. ponderosa var. ariz()/I:;~a (Engchn.) Shltw.. __ .... __ "_"""'" _••• _" _.... _ ... __ , .... 30 P.in11,s engelmannii Curr. X P. ponderosa var. scolnilorum .Engelrn. lllld ['eciprocnl cross •.•. _" • _...... __ ... _____ . __ 30 Pin11.~ jejfrey·i Grov. & Balf. X P. ponderosa. Lllws. var ponderosCb and reciproclli cross (fig. 6) ____ " _. _. ___ .. _ 31 Pin11B jejfreyi Grov. & Bul£. X P. ponder08G, var. scopu­ lorum Engelm._. ___ .. _... _._. __ • ________ ._. __ ._. Pinus .iejfrcyi Omv. & Ball. X P. washoensis MIlson & StockwelL. __ ....... __ . ___ ... _. _______ . _ . _ .. _. _.. __ . __ _ 33 Pinus 'u.:ashoensis Milson &: Slockwell X P. l)onderosa Lllws. vur. ponder'oll(t find reciprocal ('ross ______ • ____ _ 34 Pinus U'(L8hocn,~i,~ r"xltson & Slockwell X P. 1JOnder08rL ,. Vllt'. scopulor1J,m Engelnl. _... _ . _ . ___ ..... _.... __ .. _ .__ .. __ .. 34 Pinta:; jej/rcyi On\\,. & BIlIf. X P. co'uiteri D. Don (fk 7)._ 35 Pinw-I conlort(b Vllt·. '1n1",.ru,l/o,(w, (Onn'. & Blllf.) EngoTm. X P. banksim!(l, Lamb" P. Xmu,.ra1Ib(tl1k8in1UL Righter & Stockwoll (fig. ~) .. _ "" _.:._ ... ___ ... _______ _ 86 Pin1fs 'V'ir'fjinin7W ~(ill. X r. clawCL (Chapm.) Vnsey (fig. R)._ - -_._ .. _.... - ••••.. _____ . ____________ _ 38 .Pinus ]Jat1dn Hchicde & Deppe X j'. greg{fii Engelm. ____ . :l9 Pinus lJalula. SehicdC' & Deppe X P. radiat(L D. Don_____ _ 40 Pinu.~' attenuata, Lellllll. X P. radinta D. Don, P. Xnt­ ll'nur·adiala. Stockwell & H,ightet· (fig. 8). __________ _ 41 Pinu.'! attenuata Lemm. X 1'. m.ur1min D. Don (P. 1'('­ mOf'ailL ~·[tlR()n) ((1g. l'-\) •. _._._ • ____ ••• 42 Discussion _ _ . " _ _ _____ . _ . __ 4;~ Sumrno.l'Y· _ .. .• • __ • __ _. 44 Litcl.'lL~Ul'e eilcd ___ .. ___ ., .• _. ___ . __ 44 III INTRODUCTION BotiLnicn,l descl'iptions of 40 art:ifkinl f-ir!3t-generation pi:1(} hybrids (gl,'tlmi Pinus) gl"o\\'ing ttt tht·.lllstitute of Forest Genetics, PlncelTillc, Cal if,,t ftre recordcd I:CI"C, Thcs(' in01 udc ;3+ firsl'.-genel'atioll (F1) interspecific hybrids fJ"Orn ;)~ speeic.<J, 5 [l(\elitiollrd etc)sses invoking a dUl"erent ,'ariely of 011(' of the lmrent species, and 1 intervftJ::etal hvhricl. ·~rlLny of tIlesf', hybrids ILnd other hybrids trom the Institute are bcing tested to determilll' theit, adaptabiEtv and c('ollomie perfot:tnltl1Ce ill vlLriolls lo(':tlities, Those 'found superior to the stan(\:Lrd, or com­ mOllly used, form ill a pn.rtieull1r locrLiity llIay be pln.Hled wielely, For eXl\Jllple, on6 hybrid h(ls been under HUlSS production sillen 1954: in South Korea (:3,], ,3,1) ,2 Others may Si!l.'\'C as breeding stock for ad­ ditional ('rOSSC'!'i lltld I'm' fnrf,her test's to determine inheritance of ('lmraet(w8, Thes(' bot lUI iml 01' tllxol1omir dl'.sel'iptions, lu'('ompIU1iecl hy het'­ barium sp('('imPlls, will do('ul1lenl' t\.INle altifiei:t1 hybrids, will dc.<Jig­ Hilte. tl\pm by formulas, will jtid in iclentifieation of supposed or art:i­ Ikin.! hyl)l'ids and, by ('()lIlPILl'isOll with similar (TOSseR elspwhcre, will form till' bases rOl' studi('s or inIHH'iUwC'l'. of v[trious morphologicrtl !'\\lu'tt<'tcr8, Needle ('hamell'l'isties of Ill.ost of I'hese hybrid pines and their pa­ rental species :ln~ (,OlllIHll'(,([ in tables presented by Kcng and Little (25) , PertOt'Jl1lUH'l' I('.sts of f'h('s(' hybl'icls wlll b(' published later, Reveml ntlH't, Fl h~\'bri<ls, ill('luding S0l110 too Hlllfdl in 1!)()2 for ttdeq\l[ttl'. COJl1- PII,I'iHon and ([es(,l'ipl iOll, \\'il I 1)(· rel)01'ted later, The Institute has otheJ' h"bri( s 110t repot'ted here, Some are be­ tw('cn nlridil's of tlll'o sanl(, 'spedes, Others ar(' Imck(,l'osses, se('ond­ gl'npt'lU ion (If'~) hybrids, ILllcl hybrids with thl'el'. and foul' speeies in t\H'il' pe<iigrp('s, So attpnlpl will be made 10 des(,l'ib(' t!t(\,'!e bceallse of tll('.ir Y(ll'lftbility, [ndi\'icitmls within pl'ogenies al'e highl'y v!triable as t1 result of expl~eted seg-reg-ation and re('omhination of parental char­ a(~tcrS, Hc('ol'ds on tl1(\ p:trt~nt~l, inrlnding geographical SOIll'('e, of these hy­ brids are on fUe at the Institute, Some or the. pt1l:ent trees are grow­ in<f in f'l1(' Eddy At'l,ol'd \1m, Some of these ('('osse8 h:we been made at .. other plftC'CS, and f~ few :tn'. known ItlSO as nn.turitl hybt'i(1s, "Ve IHtve. not. ('01l1pared tlle,'!(\ h,vlll'ids with others else'where, HowC\rer, the cle­ sl'riptiot1s would SC'I,I've that purpose, Minol' 01' rnajol' differences in ('p['tain tl'aits might 0('('1.11' in HIe same ltybt'id i I' it was mllde from pnr­ .. l~nts Or l'It('C'S othel' than thos(~ used ill' the InstiJute, Aeknowleclgment is dne th(\ stiLlf of the Institute for' their pitinstak­ ing work in pro<lu('ing these pine hybrids, Theil' crit'ieal ai'tcntion to ('t'oss-pollination, 8('e({ handllflg, sowing in l'll(' nurserv, outplanting, :tnd ('fU'(\ in til(' fLrbor('f'\lJ\l WitS basie to I'he S\I('(~ess oCthe hylwiciizll­ tion prog-riun at the. Illstitute, .. ! 'I'll(' [nHtitlltp is It liI'lil hnlJl('h of tltl' Pndtk i-;ollthw!'sr (f()rrlll'r1~' ('alit'ornil\) 1\'Ol'p~t Hilt! [tllllg!' EXllPl'ill\('nL Htatioll, I,'orl'st HPI'\'il'(', I·.~, 1)('I);[I'tII1\'nI' 01: Agl'i­ ('\lit u l'I', '1'1\(1 IIiH/.It:lIt<:> WIIK fO\ll1(I('[1 lIy ,11\111('''; n.