Ohio’s Learning Standards ADOPTED FEBRUARY 2018 Social Studies Department Ohio I of Education OHIO’S LEARNING STANDARDS | Social Studies | ADOPTED 2018 2 Table of Contents Introduction to Ohio’s Social Studies Standards .................. 3 Grade 2 ........................................................................................ 14 Philosophy and Guiding Assumptions ............................................3 Grade 3 ........................................................................................ 16 How to Read Ohio’s Social Studies Standards, K-12 ..................... 4 Grade 4 ........................................................................................ 18 Kindergarten – Grade8 ...................................................................4 Grade 5 ........................................................................................ 21 Strands .......................................................................................... 4 Grade 6 ........................................................................................ 23 Themes .......................................................................................... 4 Grade 7 ........................................................................................ 25 Topics ............................................................................................ 4 Grade 8 ........................................................................................ 27 Content Statements .......................................................................4 Social Studies Standards, High School ................................ 30 High School ....................................................................................4 How to Read Ohio’s Social Studies Standards: High School ....... 30 Strand Definitions for Ohio’s Learning Standards for Social Course Themes ........................................................................... 31 Studies Standards, K-8 ..................................................................5 American History .......................................................................... 32 Skills Topic Descriptions K–8 .........................................................6 American Government ................................................................. 36 Topic Descriptions: K-8 ..................................................................7 Modern World History .................................................................. 39 Grade Theme Descriptions K-8 ......................................................9 Economics and Financial Literacy ................................................ 41 Social Studies Standards: K-8 .............................................. 11 Contemporary World Issues ......................................................... 43 Kindergarten ................................................................................11 World Geography ......................................................................... 45 Grade 1 ........................................................................................12 Department Ohio ! of Education OHIO’S LEARNING STANDARDS | Social Studies | ADOPTED 2018 3 inquiry processes; and employ skills to of data collection and analysis, Introduction to Ohio’s Social Studies collaboration, decision-making, and problem solving. Standards Ohio’s social studies standards: Ohio’s Learning Standards for Social Studies outline what students • set high expectations and provide strong support for social should know and be able to do in social studies to succeed in college, studies achievement by all students; careers, and for their role as engaged citizens. The State Board of • represent the social studies knowledge and skills needed to Education adopted the prior version of the standards in 2010. The make a successful transition to postsecondary education, the standards provide critical social studies knowledge, are grade-level workplace and civic life; appropriate, and reflect current research. • are informed by national standards; • Updating of the 2010 standards began with an Ohio Department of balance knowledge, conceptual understanding and skill Education survey seeking public and educator feedback between development; November 2016 and January 2017. An advisory committee of • address significant understandings that are the basis for representatives from statewide education associations and social sound decision-making as citizens; studies education groups reviewed the public comments and advised • focus on important social studies topics; the Department on which standards to update. Working groups of • represent a rigorous progression across grades and in-depth educators with social studies expertise reviewed the study within each grade; recommendations and made revisions in a draft of the standards. • serve as the basis for classroom and statewide assessments; and The Department posted the draft revised standards for public review • guide the development of local social studies curricula and in summer 2017. The working groups reviewed those comments and instructional programs. incorporated suggestions in the draft standards. The State Board of Education adopted the revised standards in February 2018. These standards provide Ohio’s educators with a set of common expectations on which to base social studies curricula. PHILOSOPHY AND GUIDING ASSUMPTIONS The aim of social studies is the promotion of civic competence – the knowledge, intellectual processes, and democratic dispositions required of students to be active and engaged participants in public life. Although civic competence is not the only responsibility of social studies nor is it exclusive to the field, it is more central to social studies than any other subject areas in schools. Civic competence rests on a commitment to democratic values, and requires the ability to use knowledge about one’s community, nation, and world; apply Department Ohio ! of Education OHIO’S LEARNING STANDARDS | Social Studies | ADOPTED 2018 4 How to Read Ohio’s Social Studies Standards, K-12 KINDERGARTEN – GRADE 8 HIGH SCHOOL The standards for Ohio’s Learning Standards for Social Studies for The revised standards for high school contain syllabi for six high grades K-8 are organized by Strands, Themes, Topics and Content school social studies courses: Statements. American History STRANDS American Government The four disciplines within the social studies: History, Geography, Modern World History Government and Economics. Economics and Financial Literacy THEMES Contemporary World Issues A theme is the focus for a particular grade level or the descriptive World Geography narrative of a high school course syllabus. Each course contains a theme and broad topics which are further Example from Grade 2: People Working Together clarified with content statements. Grade levels are not specified for any of the courses. TOPICS The different aspects of content within a strand. Geography example: Human Systems CONTENT STATEMENTS The essential knowledge students should learn at each grade level or within each course. Example from Grade 8: 20. The U.S. Constitution established a federal republic, providing a framework for a national government with elected representatives, separation of powers, and checks and balances. Department Ohio ! of Education OHIO’S LEARNING STANDARDS | Social Studies | ADOPTED 2018 5 STRAND DEFINITIONS FOR OHIO’S LEARNING STANDARDS FOR SOCIAL STUDIES STANDARDS, K-8 HISTORY Students use materials drawn from the diversity of human experience to analyze and interpret significant events, patterns and themes in the history of Ohio, the United States and the world. GEOGRAPHY Students use knowledge of geographic locations, patterns and processes to show the interrelationship between the physical environment and human activity and to explain the interactions that occur in an increasingly interdependent world. Students use knowledge of perspectives, practices and products of cultural, ethnic and social groups to analyze the impact of their commonality and diversity within local, national, regional and global settings. GOVERNMENT Students use knowledge of the purposes, structures and processes of political systems at the local, state, national and international levels to understand that people create systems of government as structures of power and authority to provide order, maintain stability and promote the general welfare. They use knowledge of the rights and responsibilities of citizenship to examine and evaluate civic ideals and to participate in community life and the American democratic system. ECONOMICS Students use economic reasoning skills and knowledge of major economic concepts, issues and systems in order to make informed choices as producers, consumers, savers, investors, workers and citizens in an interdependent world. Department Ohio ! of Education OHIO’S LEARNING STANDARDS | Social Studies | ADOPTED 2018 6 SKILLS TOPIC DESCRIPTIONS: K–8 Topics within Ohio’s Learning Standards for Social Studies include civic literacy, financial and economic literacy and global awareness. Skills such as problem-solving, communication, media literacy and leadership are further developed within the model curriculum. STRAND TOPIC TOPIC DESCRIPTION Historical thinking begins with a clear sense of time – past, present and future – and becomes more precise as students progress. Historical thinking includes skills such as locating, researching, HISTORY Historical Thinking and Skills