CONTENTS About the Authors ix Introduction xiii Alexander Aichele and Matthias Kaufmann PART ONE FREEDOM OF WILL AND GOD'S PROVIDENCE The Real Possibility of Freedom: Luis de Molina's Theory of Absolute Willpower in Concordia I 3 Alexander Aichele I. Freedom 4 II. Will 7 III. Will's Power 13 IV. Real Possibility of Absolute Freedom 29 V. Existence of Freedom 52 Divine Foreknowledge of Future Contingents and Necessity 55 Petr Dvorak I. A Broader Perspective on Foreknowledge: Divine Causation 55 II. The Ground of Foreknowledge 60 III. The Implication of Necessity 81 Predestination as Transcendent Teleology: Molina and the First Molinism 89 Juan Cruz Cruz I. Teleological Presuppositions 89 II. Predestination and Human Freedom 98 vi CONTENTS PART TWO A RIGHTS-BASED THEORY OF LAW Rights and dominium 125 Jörg Alejandro Tellkamp I. Introduction 125 II. The Historical Context 127 III. Right and dominium in Luis de Molina's De iustitia et iure 132 IV. Approaching Justice and Right 133 V. Approaching dominium 139 VI. Conclusion 152 Luis de Molina on Law and Power 155 Annabel Brett I. Introduction: Molina on Justice 155 II. Section 1: Power , 164 III. Section 2: Law 174 Slavery between Law, Morality, and Economy 183 Matthias Kaufmann Introductory Remarks 183 I. Slavery in the Late 16th Century 184 II. Justifications of Slavery and the Titles of "Just" Enslavement 190 III. How the Portuguese Slave Trade Developed—and in Which Cases Enslavement Was Just 201 IV. Molina's Moral Evaluation of Slavery 207 V. On the Right Treatment of Slaves and the Rights of Slaves 215 VI. On the Road to Abolitionism? 222 Luis de Molina: On War 227 Joao Manuel A.A. Fernandes I. Introduction: Origin and Content of Molina's Theory of War 227 II. Cases of Conscience 229 CONTENTS Vii III. The Ethics for the Violent Multitude 235 IV. The Treatment of Innocents 236 V. The War Against the Whole Humanity and the Position of the Catholic Church 239 VI. War as Change in the Order of Property 244 VII. The Legitimacy of War 246 VIII. The Problem of Just War and Just War on Both Sides 250 IX. Decriminalizing of Warfare and Economic Profit 253 X. Conclusion 255 The Economic Thought of Luis de Molina 257 Rudolf Schüssler I. The Genre "De iustitia et iure" 260 II. Property 265 III. The Just Price 269 IV. Money and Exchange 272 V. Usury 276 VI. Liberalism 283 VII. Molina's Impact on Scholastic Economic Thought 285 VIII. Conclusion 287 PART THREE MOLINA'S MEDIEVAL SOURCES AND THE FOLLOWING DEBATES IN MODERN TIMES Molina and Aquinas 291 Romanus Cessario Introduction 291 I. Historical Settings 292 II. Religious Formation 295 III. The Jesuits 297 IV. Contemplation and Action 301 V. Eclectic Thomist 306 VI. Molina's Views 3°9 VII. Spirituality of Freedom 3l6 Conclusion 321 Viii CONTENTS Molina and John Duns Scotus 325 Jean-Pascal Anfray I. Scotus on the Will 327 II. Time and Modality 330 III. Scotus on the Ground of God's Knowledge of Future Contingents 334 IV. Reconciling God's Foreknowledge with Human Free Will .... 340 V. Molina on Liberum arbitrium 342 VI. Divine Concurrence 348 VII. With Scotus, against Eternalist Solutions to the Foreknowledge Dilemma 351 VIII. Divine predeterminations and Concomitant Decrees: Molina's Critiques of Scotism 352 IX. Scientia Media and Divine Ideas: Some Modal Issues 357 X. Conclusion. Should a Scotist endorse Middle Knowledge? ... 363 The Philosophical Impact of Molinism in the 17th Century 365 Francesco Piro I. Molinism: Definitions of the Ambiguities of a Classification 365 II. "Molinism" as Anthropology (Points i-ii-iii) 375 III. Divine Foreknowledge and Providence (Points iv-v-vi) 389 Conclusions 401 "Ludewig" Molina and Kant's Libertarian Compatibilism 405 Wolfgang Ertl I. Kant's Compatibilism, Preliminaries 409 II. Baumgarten on intellectus del 427 III. Kant's Criticism of Leibniz's Answer to Molina 433 IV. Molinist Elements in Kant's Critical Solution 442 Bibliography 447 Concordance Index to Iustitia et lure 467 Index Nominum 492 Index Locorum 496 Index Rerum 502 .