E-421 VOL.1 ,Vvilson- in associatonwith Public Disclosure Authorized IIIE SectoralEnvironmental Assessment Report Public Disclosure Authorized Project Co-ordinating Consultancy Services (PCC) for the Karnataka State Highways Improvement Project IBRD Loan/Credit No. LN-4114 2 SBidar Public Disclosure Authorized Belga Karwarg t ~~ Ba~~durga Mangalor _________ Public Disclosure Authorized Prepaedfor: Govtof Kanataka PublicWorks Dept. (NationalHighways) December2000 ,Vjlsor n associabonwffl IIIE SectoralEnvironmental Assessment Report ProjectCo-ordinating Consultancy Services (PCC) for the KarnatakaState Highways Improvement Project IBRD Loan/Credit No. LN-4114 Bleiga ia Karwar dug Mangalor -galore Pmpaedfr. Govtof Karnatka PutbicWorks Dept. (NationalHighways) Decentbx2000 Kamataka State Highways Sectoral Environmental Assessment Report ImprovementProject Table of Contents TABLE OF CONTENTS EXECUTIVE SUMMARY SECTION I: BACKGROUND 1. INTRODUCTION TO THE SEA REPORT ..................................................... I 1.1. OBJECTIVE ...................................................... 1.2. ESSENTIALSOF SEA STUDY.................................................... 3 1.3. METHODOLOGY.................................................... 3 1.4. STRUCTURE OF THE REPORT.................................................. 4:4 2. POLICY, LEGAL AND ADMINISTRATIVE FRAMEWORK ..................................................... 1 2.1. INTRODUCTION..................................................... 1 2.2. HIGHLIGHTS OF THE INDIAN SYSTEM & MAJOR ORGANISATIONS.................................................... 1 2.3. RESPONSIBILITIESOF THE PROJECT PROMOTER & INTERFACESWITH OTHER AGENCIES ... 1 2.3.1. Interface IVithithe Ministry of Environment & Forests. 2 2.4.2 Inteiface with the Karnataka State Pollution Control Board. 2 2.3.2. Interface with the Department of Land & Land Revenue of the GoK. 3 2.3.3. Interface wviththe Offices of the District Magistrate & Citv Municipalities. 4 2.3.4. Interface with the Department of Forests of the GoK.. 4 2,3.5. Inte?face with the Department of Mines of the GoK .......................................... ,,.,.,,,.,,,.,,,..,........ -5 2.3.6. St-ength of the Public Works Department of GoKfor litterface Management. 6 2.4. STATUTES RELATED TO ENVIRONMENT.................................................. 6 2.4.1. Land Acquisition Act, 1894 (withl subsequent amendments) ............................................................ 6 2.4.2. The Indian Forest Act, 1927 .......................... 7..,,......7 2.4.3. Thie Ancient monuments and Archaeological sites and Remains Act, 1958 and the Kar-nataka Ancient monuiments and Archaeological sites and Remains Act. 1961 ................ ...........................................7 2.4.4. The Karnataka Forest Act, 19631963.,,.,... ........................ 7 2.4.5. Tlhe Mvsore Highways Act, 1964 . .......... 7.........................7 2.4.6. Thie Wildlife (Protection) Act, 1972 ......................... .......,,.,,,,........ 7 2.4.7. Water (Prevention and Control of Pollution) Act, 1974 .. ....... ,.,.,,.7 7........,,......., 2.4.8. The Forty-secondaAmendmnentof the Constitution, 1976 .... ,.8 8......... 2.4.99. Town and Coountr Planning Act, 19976 ............................................ , . ........8..... 8 2.4.10. Forest Consernation Act, 1980 .8,,,,,,.... ... ,.,,, 8 2.4.11. ThreAir (Prevention and Control of Pollution) Act. 1981 .. , .8 8.......... 2.4.12. Env ironmental (Protection) Act, 1986 ........................... ,.,.,.,.,,,., 9 2.4.13. Motor Vehicles Rules, 1989 . .................. .. ,,.,,.,,-, ., , . 9..,9 2.4.14. The Hazardous Wastes (Management And Handling) Rlules, 1989 ................................................ 9 2.4.15. Coastal Regulation Zones Act .9 2.4.16. Public Liability Insurance Act. 1991 ..................... ...... -- . ..,,..,,,..,,,........ ............... -, 9 2.4.1 7. Seventy-foourthlh4Amendment of the Constitution. 19921.9.................................,,,.10 .......................... 2.4.18. National Environment Tribunal Act, 1995 ................................ , , . , .,. ,10 2.4.19. National Environment Appellate Autthority Act, 1997 ....................................... ,.,..,.,.,,.,.,, 10 2,4.20. PitblicP.ubli InrerestIntres LitigatonLiiato againsragans..................................... Government,,,G n .10 . ., 2.5. GUIDELINES FOR EIA OF HIGHWAY PROJECTS, IRC: 104-1988 ................................................. 10 3. PROJECT DESCRIPTION .................................................... 1 3.1. INTRODUCTION.I 3.2. PURPOSE OF FEASIBILITYSTUD. I 3.3. SELE-CTION3.3OF SEECTIOROADS FOR OF UJPGR-ADINGRADS FR UPGADING&& MAJORMAJR MAINTENANCMAITENANE ........ ...................................... ............ ... 3.4. COVERAGE UNDERTHE SEA STUDY.. 2 3.5. DESIGN OPTIONS CONSIDERED... 4 3.6. OPTIONS ON CONSTRUCTIONMETHODS ... 6 3.6.1. Pavement Ov erlay ................... ,. ... 6 ToC- I ScottWilson / CESi IllE Kamataka State Highways Sectoral Environmental Assessment Report Improvement Project Table of Contents 3.6.2. Nerw Construction ............................................................ 6 3.6.3. Treatment Alternatives ................... 6 3.7. OPTIONS ON ROAD CONSTRUCTIONMATERIALS ............. 7 3.7.1. Rocks ................ 9 3.7.2. Natural Gravel ..................................... ........... 10 3.7.3. Sand ............ 10 3.7.4. Flv Ash........... 10 3.7.5. Slag Iron ..................................... ........... 00 3.7.6. Embankment Fill .............................................. ........ ... 10 3.7.7 Asphalt ........... 10 3.8. OPTIONS ON CROSS DRAINAGE STRUCTURES . 12 3.9. OPTIONS ON INTERSECTIONSON ROADS FOR UPGRADATION . 12 3.10. OPTIONS ON BYPASSES .. ............... 13 4. ANALYSIS OF ALTERNATIVES ............................. 1 4.1. INTRODUCTION.................................... I 4.2. No PROJECTOPTION ................................... I 1 4.3. STRATEGIC OPTION STUDY................................... I 4.4. INITIAL PACKAGE OF THE KSHIP ................................... 1 4.5. ALTERNATIVES SUGGESTED BY KPCC ................................... 1 4.6. IMPACT OF WORLD BANK'S CRITERIA ................................... 2 4.7. ALTERNATIVE DESIGN CRITERIA................................... 2 4.8. ALTERNATIVE METHODS OF ROAD CONSTRUCTION................................... 2 4.9. CONCLUSION................................... 2 5. BASIC ATTRIBUTES OF ENVIRONMENT .................................. ... I 5.1. INTRODUCTION. I 5.2. PHYSICAL ENVIRONMENT . 1 5.2.1. Geology ............ I 5.27.27. Physiography ... .3 5.2.3. Clim ate ............ 5.2. 4. Drainage Systems ........... 20 5.2.5. Soil ......... 22 5.3. INFORMATION ON AMBIENT QUALITY OF ENVIRONMENTIN KARNATAKA . 24 5.3.1. Ambient Air Qiality .24 5.3.2. Ambient Noise Level. 26 5.3.3. Ambient Water Qiality .28 5.3.4. Presence of Lead in Soil. 31 5.4. BIOLOGICAL ENVIRONMENT . 32 5.4.1. Flor-a.32 5.4.2. Fauna33 5.5. SOCIAL ENVIRONMENT . .39 5 . 1. DemmographicFeaires .39 j. 5.2. Occupational Pattern.41 5.5.3 Land Use. 41 5.5.'4. Marjor Vectors of Economic Development .42 5.6. SITES OF CULTURAL HERITAGE . 42 SECTION Il: IMPACT ASSESSMENT 6. IMPACT ASSESSMENT AND NIITIGATION MEASURES .1 6.1. INTRODUCTION. I 6.2. IMPACTS FROm LOCATION .1 6.1. l .mpactsof Gravitn Flou ir-rigation SYstems 1 6. 2. 2. Roads as an emnbankrtent for tan:ksan(d reservoirs . 6. 2.3. Large Reservoirs behind Dams . ToC-2 Scott Wilson / CES t IIIE Karnataka State Hichwavs Sectoral EnvironmentalAssessment Report ImprovementProject Table of Contents 6.2.4. Consequences of Extensive deforestation ...................................... 2 6.2.5. Improper road drainage systems ...................................... 3 6.2.6. Effects of Growing Mining Economy ..................................... 3 6.3. IMPACTSFROM ROAD DEsIGNS ........................................ 3 6. 3.]. Gravel & Borrow Pit.3 6.3.2. Use of Alternative Materials .3 6.3.3. Lin,ed Drains.4 6.3.4. Land Acquisition.4 6.3.5. Avenue Plantation................. .......... - . -. 4 6.3.6. Accidents and Road Safety. 5 6.4. IMPACTS DURINGCONSTRUCTION ............................... 5 6.4.1. I.mpact on Land Resources .S 6.4.2. Impancton soil qualit. 5 6.4.3. Impact on water resources .6 6.4.4. Impact on water quality .6 6.4.5. Impact on Air Quality .6 6.4.6. Impact on Noise Level.7 6.4.7. Impact on Biological Environment. 7 6.4.8. Sanitation and Waste disposal .................... 7 6. 4.9. Othzerimpacts.7 6.5. IMPACTS DURINGOPERATION PHASE .................................. .. 8 6.5.1. Impact on Land Use ..................... .88 6.55.2. Impact on Air Qualit .9 6.5. 3. Impact on Noise level.9 6.5.4. impact on Biological Resources. 9 6.5.5. Accident Hazards and Safety .9 6.5.6. Aesthzetics.9 6.6. CONCLUDING OBSERVATION........................... 9 7. PUBLIC CONSULTATION ........................... 1 7.1. INTRODUCTION........................................................... 1 7.2. CONSULTATIONDURING ENVIRONMENTALSCREENING ........................ ................................... 1 7.3. CONSULTATIONDURING MONITORING AMBIENT AIR QUALITY & NOISE LEVEL..................................... 2 7.4. JOINT PUBLIC CONSULTATIONSWITH SOCIAL IMPACTANALYSTS .......................................................... 2 7.5. THE STAKEHOLDERS' MEETING ........................................................... 3 7.6. PUBLIC DISCLOSUREFOR EIA REPORT.......................................................... 4 SECTION