SMITBSOMIAN INSTITUTION UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM Bulletin 97 THE GRAPSOID CRABS OF AMERICA BY MARY J. RATHBUN Associate in Zoology, United States National Museum »••*•**! .^^ 'OK} ^si^ WASHINGTON GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFHCE 1918. BULLETIN OF THE UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. ISSUED -^^U. ^: ADVERTISEMENT, The scientific publications of the United States National Museum consist of two series, the Proceedings and the Bulletins. The Proceedings^ the first volume of which was issued in 1878, are intended primarily as a medium for the publication of original, and usually brief, papers based on the collections of the National Mu­ seum, presenting newly acquired facts in zoology, geology, and anthropology, including descriptions of new forms of animals, and revisions of limited groups. One or two volumes are issued annu­ ally and distributed to libraries and scientific organizations. A limited number of copies of each paper, in pamphlet form, is dis­ tributed to specialists and others interested in the different subjects, as soon as printed. The date of publication is printed on each paper, and these dates are also recorded in the table of contents of the volumes. The BuUettTis^ the first of "which was issued in 1875, consist of a series of separate publications comprising chiefly monographs of large zoological groups and other general systematic treatises (occa* sionally in several Tolumes), faunal works, reports of expeditions, and catalogues of type-specimenSj special collections, etc. The ma­ jority of the volumes are octavos, but a quarto size has been adopted in a few instances in which large plates were regarded as indispen­ sable. Since 1902 a series of octavo volumes containing papers relating to the botanical collections of the Museum, and known as the Gontnbu- ti&ns from the National Eerharium^ has been published as bulletins. The present work forms No. 97 of the Bulletin series, ElCHARO RAXHBUN, Assistant Secretary^ Smithsoidan Institution^ In charffe of the United States NaHoruzl Mu^emn. WASHINGTON, D* C-, Deeemher 10^ 1917, ni TABLE OF CONTENTS. rage. Introduction ' 1 Sourcea of material 1 Special researches 2 Acknowledgments; 3 Explanation of terms and abbreviations used 6 The grapeoid or catometopous crabs of America 9 Systematic discussion U Family Goneplacidae 15 Subfamily Carcinoplacinae 17 Genua Trizocarcinus 17 TrizocaJcinus dontatug 18 Genus Bathyplax , 19 Bathyplax typhla 19 Genus Pilumnoplax 21 Pilumnoplax americana 21 data 2-1 Subfamily Goneplacinae 24 Genus Goneplax 25 Goneplax barbata 26 Rigebei _ 26 rosaea 27 hin^uifl 28 tridentata 29 Subfamily Prionoplacinae 29 Genus Prionoplax 29 Prionoplax atlantica 30 oiliata 31 Genus Tetraplax _ 32 Tetraplax quadrident^ta 32 Genus Euryplax 34 Euryplax nitlda 34 polita 36 Genus Chaemophora 37 Chaamophora ma<:rophthalma - 37 Genus Speocarcinus 38 Bpeocarcinus carolinensis 39 granultmanus ^0 ostrearicola ^^ californiensis 42 Genus Pseudorhombila -42 Fseudorbombila octodentata 43 Genus Oediplax , 44 Oediplax granulata-. _ 44 Genus Cyrtoplax 45 Cyrtoplax spinidentata 46 V VI TABLE OF CONTENTS. Family Goneplacidae-—Continued. Subfamily Prionoplacinae—Continued. Page. Genus Panopltis 47 Panoplax depreaaa 47 Genus Glyptoplax 48 Glyptoplax pugnax 60 smithii 51 Genus Eucratopais 52 ^ Eucratopaia crassimanue 52 Subfamily RMzopiuae 54 GenuB Chasmocarcinua 54 Ohaamocarcmus typicua 55 latipes 57 obliquua 58 cylmdricus 59 Family Pinnotheridae- 61 Subfamily Pinnotberinae 61 Genus Pinnotherea 62 Pinnotheres oatreum 66 holmeai 68 geddesi 70 poIituB 71 angelicus 72 lithodomi 73 maculatus 74 bipunctatufl 78 depressua 79 mxdiniarum 81 pugottenais 82 nudus 83 serrei 84 conchanun 86 pubeacens 87 barbatue 88 strombi 90 aUveatrii 91 margarita 91 reticulatufl 93 moeeri 94 ahoemakeri 95 taylori 97 orcutti 98 hemphilli 99 guerini 101 hirtimanufl 101 Genus Fabia 101 Pabia sabquadrata 102 lowei 104 by^omiae 106 canfieldi 106 Genua Parapinmxa 107 Parapinni5:ft nitida 107 hendersoni — 109 affinia Ill TABL3I1 OF OONTEKTS. Vll Family Pinnotheridae—Continued. Subfamily Pinnotherinae—Continued. Genus Parapinnixa—Continued. Page. Parapinnixa bouvieri ] II beauforteiisia 112 Genua Dissodactylus 114 Diasodactylus nitidus - - ^, 116 mellitae - 117 encopei - - 119 borradailei - - ^ 121 atebbmgi - 123 alcocki - 124 calinani - - - 125 Subfamily Pinnothereliiuae - 127 Genua Pinnixa 12S Finnixa transversaliy 131 faxoni 133 crifltata ] 34 patagoniensis. 135 monodactyla 136 longipes 137 floridana 138 retinens 139 tomentosa 141 faba 142 littoralis 145 bambarti 149 minuta 150 chaetopterana 151 valdivienEiig 154 occidentalia - 155 sayana ^ 156 cylindrica 159 fmnciscami, 161 Qchmitti 162 hiatus - 164 tubicola 165 weymoutbi 166 affinia - 168 brevipollex; 169 Genus Scleroplax 170 Scleroplax granulata - 171 Genus OpiBthopus 172 Opiathopus tranFveraua 173 Genus Pinnaxodea 174 Pinnaxodea chilensis 176 meinerti 177 tomentosus 17S Genua Tetriaa 179 Tetriaa acabripea 179 Genus Pinnotherelia 180 Pinnotherelia laevigata 181 VIII TABLE OF COKTEKTS, Page. Family Cymopoliidae 182 Genus Cymopolia 183 Cymopolia cristatipes 186 altemata 188 zonata 190 lucaaii 193 faxoni 194 affinig 196 rathhuni 19S bahameTieis 200 isthraia 201 dentata 202 obeaa 205 tuberculata 207 sica 208 angu^a 210 depressa 212 fra^ilis 213 cursor - 215 gracilis 218 fioridana 220 gradlipes 221 acutifrone 223 Family Grapsidae 224 Subfamily Grapsinae 226 Genus Grapsug 226 Grapsus grapaufi 227 Genus Get^iupsus 231 Geograpsus lividua 232 Genua Leptogcapsus 234 Leptograpsus variegatus 234 Genus Goniopaifl 236 Goniopsia cruentata 237 pulclua 239 Genua Pachygrapsus - 240 Pachygrapsus crassipes 241 manrua _, _ 244 transversus 244 gracilis 249 raarmoratus. 250 pubescens '-- 252 COTTUgRtUB 252 Genua Planes 253 Planes minutua 253 marinuB 258 Genus Grapsodius 259 Grapsodius eximius 259 Subfamily Vanininae 260 Genua Cyrt<^;rap£ru6 260 Cyrtograpaufl angulatus 261 altimanuB 262 TABLE OF CONTENTS, IX Family Grapeidae—Continued. Subfamily Variminae—Continued, Fftge. Genus Hemigrapsua 264 Hemigrapgua afQnis 264 crenulatus 268 nudus 267 oregonensifl 270 Genua Tetragrapsua 273 Tetragmpsus jouyi 273 Qenufl GljTitograpsua 275 Glyptograpaus impresRUB 275 jamaicensis 277 Genua Platycliirograpsufl 278 Platychirograpaus typicus 278 Genus Euchirograpsus 281 EuchirograpsuB americanus 282 Subfamily SesarmLuae 283 GenUB Sesarma 284 Subgenus Cliiromantcs 287 Sesarma africanum 287 Subgenus Sesarma 288 Sesarma verleyi 288 sulcatum 289 reticulatum -. * 290 aequatoriale 292 curacaoense 293 rhizophorae 294 orasaipea 294 bidentatum 295 jarvisi 296 ophioderma 297 barbimanum 298 Subgenus Holdmetopus 298 Sesarma rectum 298 occidentaie 299 ciTiereiim 300 miermi , 303 micrsil iheringi 304 magdalenense 305 bioUeyi 306 tampicense '. 307 ricordi _ 308 angustipea 311 roberti 312 festae 313 angustum 314 hauseni 315 benedict! 316 Genus Metopaulias 317 Metopauliae depreaeus 318 Genus Mefcasesarma » 319 Metaseaarma rubripes 319 Genua Sarmatium - 321 Sarmatium curvatum 321 X TABLE OF CONTENTS- Family Grapaidae—Continued. Subfamily Sesarminae—Continued, Paee. Genus Aratus 322 Aratua pisonii 323 Genus Cyclc^rapsus 325 Oyclograpsua integer 326 cinereus 327 punctatus 328 Genus Chasmagoathus 329 Chaamagnatbus granulata 329 Subfamily Pl^usiinae 331 Genua Plagusia 331 Plaguaia depresaa 332 depreesa tuberculata 334 immaculata 335 chabrus 336 Genus Percnon 337 Percnon gibbesi 337 Family Gecarcinidae 339 Genus Cardisoma 340 Cardisoma guanhumi *. 341 craasum 345 Genus Ucides 346 Ucidea cordatua 347 occndentalia 350 Genua Gecarcinua 351 Gecarcinus niricola 352 lateralie 355 quadratus 358 planatua 359 lagOBtoma 361 Genua Gecarcoidea 362 ?Gecarcoidea lalandii 364 Family Ocypodidae : 365 Subfamily Ocypodinae 366 Genua Ocypode 366 Ocypode albicans 367 occidentalis 372 gaudichaudii 373 Genus Uca 374 Uca maracoani 378 monilifera _ 380 heterocheloe 381 princeps 382 atylifera 383 heteropleura ' 385 inaignis -,. 385 tangeri 387' minax 389 mordax 391 brevifrons 393 pugnax S95 pugnax rapax 397 pugilator 400 galapagensis 403 macrodactylua 404 TABLE OF CONTENTS. XI Family Ocypodidae—Continued, Subfamily Ocypodinae—Continued, Genus Uca—Continued. Page, Uca rectilatus 405 thayeri 406 Qpeciosa 408 creuulafa 409 coloradensiB - 410 spinicarpa 411 panamensifl 412 uniguayensifl 413 oexBtedi 414 helleri 415 fftenodactylus 416 musica 417 aubcylindrica 419 festae 420 leptodactyla ^ 420 latimanus 422 Sub&mily Macrophthalminae 423 Genus Euplax 423 Euplax leptophtlialraa 424 Explanation of plates - 425 Index 447 LIST OF ILLUSTRATIONS, TEXT FIGURES, Pate. 1. DiagrammftUc dorsal vi^w <^t a grapfloid crab, showing the terms used in descriptioii 4 2. Diagraniraatic ventral view of a grapsoid crab^ ahowing the terms uaed in description 5 3- Trizocardmiv dentatus, ventral view of left aide of carapace of male hole- typ©, showing stridnlating ridge, X 4 - 18 4. Bathyplax iyphla, male (9729). a, Outer maxillipedsj ahowing approxima­ tion, X 4; 6, abdomen and part of sternum, X 3; e, left chela, X2 20 5. Pilumjioplax amerkana, male^ station 62, dorsa! view, X li 22 6. Pilumnophx oTnericana, male, station 62, anterior portion of carapace, viewed from before^ X ^ 22 7. Goneplax hirsuta, cotype, X 2J» a, Dorisal view; 6, right chela and carpus, outer view. (After Borradaile.) 28 8. Prw^wp/oratZanfica^male^holotype. a, Abdomen and part of sternum, X 8; &, outer maxiUiped, dotted line marking median axis, X 12 30 9. Tetraplax quadridentata, male (24564)^ outer maxillipede, ahowing approxi­ mation, X 8 33 10. Tetraplax quadridentata, male (24564), abdomen,