India’s Performance in the Worldwide Governance Indicators Presentation for the Good Governance Index Department of Administrative Reforms and Personnel Grievances Friday, April 16, 2021 Presented by: Dr. Annapoorna Ravichander, Head-Policy Engagement and Communication Aparna Sivaraman, Senior Programme Officer Samridhi Pandey, Programme Officer www.pacindia.org Public Affairs Centre Public Affairs Centre (PAC) is a not for profit Think Tank and is 25 years old Pioneered the Social Accountability Tools (SAT) Primary stakeholders - Government, international organisations and communities . Engage with communities in the areas of health, agriculture and nutrition and the 3 key approaches we use are: . Data Analytics-as applicable to Human development . Action Research to develop Proof of Concept . Training and Capacity building to ensure improvement and enhancement of knowledge and practice www.pacindia.org Public Affairs Index . Public Affairs Index (PAI) is a flagship product from Public Affairs Centre . All the data that has been used for the analysis is taken from the public domain released by the Central Government. It ranks the States and Union Territories in India, on the basis of their performance in the subnational governance on the overarching sustainable development pillars of Equity, Growth and Sustainability . Several indicators that construct these 3 pillars aim to capture all the important human development aspects . Based on our expertise we were invited by National Centre for Good Governance to contribute a chapter to Worldwide Governance Indicators. www.pacindia.org The Worldwide Governance Indicators (WGI) . There is a challenge of measuring and quantifying governance- means and ends to development . World Bank published the first edition of the Worldwide Governance Indicators (WGI) in 1996 . The authors of the WGI define governance as, “the traditions and institutions by which authority in a country is exercised. This includes (a) the process by which governments are selected, monitored and replaced; (b) the capacity of the government to effectively formulate and implement sound policies; and (c) the respect of citizens and the state for the institutions that govern economic and social interactions among them” www.pacindia.org Uniqueness of the WGI . At the time, there were no other measures of governance . Universality and coverage of the model and methodology made the WGI unique . The objective of the WGI was to develop a model that would lend to a global comparison and ranking of governments in a way that was both universally comparable and valid . The challenge of data availability at the global level . The WGI aims to address this problem by using data from a wide variety of sources, both primary and secondary: multi-stakeholder approach www.pacindia.org WGI Model and Methodology . WGI rank over 200 countries and territories across 30 base indicators . The WGI aggregates all the data from various sources into six categories that correspond to six broad themes of governance that have been identified as crucial for ensuring good governance a. Voice and Accountability b. Political Stability and Absence of Violence/ Terrorism c. Government Effectiveness d. Regulatory Quality (RQ) e. Rule of Law (RL) f. Control of Corruption www.pacindia.org WGI Model and Methodology . The WGI makes use of a unique technique called Unobserved Components Model to aggregate the identified indicators and rank the countries on governance . Objective is to capture the component of governance that is unaccounted for by data www.pacindia.org India’s Performance in WGI Overtime . India has sure bettered its Percentile Rank of India among all countries performance in terms of government effectiveness overtime 70.00 till the year 2018, but has fell in 2019 60.00 50.00 . Performance of Regulatory Quality and Political Stability and Absence 40.00 of violence has improved overtime, 30.00 though not to a greater extent but 20.00 increasing at a decreasing rate 10.00 . However, it is worthy to not India 0.00 08 11 14 17 05 06 07 09 10 12 13 15 16 18 19 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 has been constantly poor 2 performing in terms of political stability. Rule of Law Control of Corruption Regulatory Quality Government Effectiveness Political Stabilityand Absense of Violence Voice andAccountability www.pacindia.org India’s Performance as Compared to the SAARC Nations . SAARC comprises eight Member States: Afghanistan, Bangladesh, Bhutan, India, Maldives, Nepal, Pakistan and Sri Lanka. The ranks allocated to each country has been compared over a period of 10 years to asses their performance in governance. www.pacindia.org Comparison to SAARC Nations- Voice and Accountability . India has been a consistent better Voice and Accountability performer amongst the SAARC 70.00 nations 60.00 . Pakistan, Sri Lanka and India are the three countries which show a 50.00 declining trend overtime. 40.00 30.00 20.00 10.00 0.00 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 Afghanistan Bangladesh Bhutan India Maldives Nepal Pakistan Sri Lanka www.pacindia.org Comparison to SAARC Nations- Political Stability and Absence of Violence . Bhutan seems to be a more Political Stability and Absence of Violence politically stable nation followed by 100.00 Maldives and Sri Lanka 90.00 . India positions itself in bottom 3 80.00 with Afghanistan and Pakistan . 70.00 60.00 50.00 40.00 30.00 20.00 10.00 0.00 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 Afghanistan Bangladesh Bhutan India Sri Lanka Maldives Nepal Pakistan www.pacindia.org Comparison to SAARC Nations- Government Effectiveness . India seems to be performing well Government Effectiveness 80.00 in terms of government effectiveness, but is now seeing a 70.00 declining trend 60.00 . The least effective government is 50.00 seen of Afghanistan, followed by Nepal and Bangladesh 40.00 . Countries lagging behind in this 30.00 parameter also will be vulnerable 20.00 in terms of performance in human development. 10.00 0.00 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 Afghanistan Bangladesh Bhutan India Sri Lanka Maldives Nepal Pakistan www.pacindia.org Comparison to SAARC Nations- Regulatory Quality Regulatory Quality . India is the only country to be 60.00 following an increasing trend when it comes to regulatory quality 50.00 . countries like Bhutan aggressively progressed towards bettering their 40.00 performance in this indicator but has been stagnant since 2017. 30.00 20.00 10.00 0.00 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 Afghanistan Bangladesh Bhutan India Sri Lanka Maldives Nepal Pakistan www.pacindia.org Comparison to SAARC Nations- Rule of Law . Maldives is a country with better Rule of Law performance in enforcement of 80.00 Law and order as it has picked up pace and has seen a stark increase 70.00 in its performance over time 60.00 . Afghanistan still struggles at the 50.00 bottom, other countries also see a 40.00 declining trend except for Bhutan. 30.00 20.00 10.00 0.00 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 Afghanistan Bangladesh Bhutan India Sri Lanka Maldives Nepal Pakistan www.pacindia.org Comparison to SAARC Nations- Control of Corruption . Again, the most improved Control of Corruption performance in terms of 100.00 controlling corruption is seen in 90.00 Maldives for the year 2019. While 80.00 Bhutan come out to be the best performer 70.00 60.00 . India’s performance has also 50.00 started to see a declining trend 40.00 where it was already way behind Bhutan. 30.00 20.00 10.00 0.00 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 Afghanistan Bangladesh Bhutan India Sri Lanka Maldives Nepal Pakistan www.pacindia.org To download a copy of the PAI 2020 report visit www.pacindia.org To watch the virtual launch of PAI 2020- https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=-p-tSkiFS6A&t=671s www.pacindia.org.