NTD National Transit Database 2016 National Transit Summary and Trends Office of Budget and Policy October 2017 Federal Transit Administration U.S. Department of Transportation National Transit Summaries & Trends 2016 Table of Contents Table of Exhibits ..............................................................................................................iv Introduction ..................................................................................................................... 7 General Information ..................................................................................................... 7 What is the National Transit Database (NTD)? .................................................................................... 7 Who reports data to the NTD? .............................................................................................................. 7 What are the modes of transit? ............................................................................................................. 8 What is an Urbanized Area (UZA)? .................................................................................................... 10 What is a Rural Area? ......................................................................................................................... 10 What data does the NTD collect? ....................................................................................................... 11 What is Safety and Security reporting?............................................................................................... 11 Rounding and Inflation ............................................................................................... 12 Web Information ......................................................................................................... 12 Transit Trends in Service Operated, Service Consumed, and Costs ............................ 13 Report Year 2016 Service and Cost Ratios ............................................................... 15 Transit Service Providers: Organization Type ............................................................ 17 Transit Funding ............................................................................................................. 18 The Federal Transit Administration’s Annual Budget ................................................. 18 Operating Expense Funding Sources ........................................................................ 19 Capital Expenditure Funding Sources ........................................................................ 20 Fare Box Recovery .................................................................................................... 21 Modal Differences ......................................................................................................... 22 Service Size ............................................................................................................... 22 Service Data by Factor .............................................................................................. 23 Table of Contents — i National Transit Summaries & Trends 2016 Fixed Guideway and High Intensity Busway ................................................................. 25 Fixed Guideway Route Miles from 2007 to 2016 ....................................................... 25 Fixed Guideway Concentration .................................................................................. 26 Safety and Security ....................................................................................................... 28 2016 NTD Safety Statistics by Mode ......................................................................... 30 Non-Rail Safety Events .............................................................................................. 31 Rail Safety Events ...................................................................................................... 31 Fatalities..................................................................................................................... 32 Service Consumed ........................................................................................................ 33 Population and Transit ............................................................................................... 33 Trips per Capita ......................................................................................................... 34 Operating Cost per Passenger Trip ........................................................................... 34 Operating Cost per Revenue Hour ............................................................................. 35 Event Rate Comparison ............................................................................................. 36 Fixed Guideway Comparison ..................................................................................... 36 National Ridership Trends: A Five-Year Snapshot ........................................................ 37 Ridership by Mode and Urbanized Area .................................................................... 38 Gas Prices ........................................................................................................................................... 40 Population ........................................................................................................................................... 41 Funding Sources ........................................................................................................... 41 Operating and Capital Expenses ............................................................................... 41 5307 and 5311 ........................................................................................................... 45 Alternative Fuels ........................................................................................................... 46 Natural Gas and Propane .......................................................................................... 47 Alternative Fuels as a Whole ..................................................................................... 48 ii — Table of Contents National Transit Summaries & Trends 2016 Traditional Energy Sources ........................................................................................ 49 Unique Transit Modes ................................................................................................... 50 Aerial Tramway .......................................................................................................... 51 Alaska Railroad .......................................................................................................... 52 Cable Car ................................................................................................................... 53 Inclined Plane ............................................................................................................ 54 Monorail/Automated Guideway .................................................................................. 56 Públicos ..................................................................................................................... 57 Table of Contents — iii National Transit Summaries & Trends 2016 Table of Exhibits Exhibit 1: Operating Expenses and Vehicle Revenue Hours: Time Series.................... 13 Exhibit 2: Operating Expenses and Unlinked Passenger Trips: Time Series ................ 14 Exhibit 3: Cost per Vehicle Revenue Hour .................................................................... 15 Exhibit 4: 2016 Unlinked Passenger Trips per Vehicle Revenue Hour .......................... 15 Exhibit 5: 2016 Cost per Unlinked Passenger Trip ........................................................ 16 Exhibit 6: 2016 Cost per Passenger Mile ...................................................................... 17 Exhibit 7: Urban Transit Providers by Type ................................................................... 17 Exhibit 8: 2016 Transit Provider Organization Types .................................................... 18 Exhibit 9: 2016 Transportation as a Percentage of the Total Federal Budget ............... 19 Exhibit 10: 2016 Funding Sources for Transit Operations ............................................. 19 Exhibit 11: 2016 Funding Sources for Capital Expenses ............................................... 20 Exhibit 12: 2016 Fares as a Proportion of Operating Costs .......................................... 21 Exhibit 13: 2016 Service Provided ................................................................................ 22 Exhibit 14: 2016 Service Consumed ............................................................................. 23 Exhibit 15: 2016 Passenger Miles per Unlinked Passenger Trip (Average Trip Length in Miles) ............................................................................................................................. 23 Exhibit 16: 2016 Unlinked Passenger Trips per Vehicle Revenue Hour ........................ 24 Exhibit 17: 2016 Passenger Miles per Vehicle Mile (Average Number of Passengers per Vehicle) ......................................................................................................................... 25 Exhibit 18: 2007 FG Route Miles ................................................................................... 26 Exhibit 19: 2017 FG Route Miles ..................................................................................