Calk'It'///! Callbeck and Ruth Campbell; United. Callbeck, a Liberal, was first elected to the Legislative Assembly in the general election of 1974 for 4'1' Prince. She was re-elected in the general elec­ tion of 1993 for 1" Queens. She served as Minister of Health and Social Services and Minister Respon­ c sible for the Disabled from 1974 to 1978. In the federal election of 1988, Callbeck was elected to the House of Commons as the representative for CALHOUN, JOHN R., merchant; b. in Malpeque and remained there until 1993 when she New Brunswick. resigned her seat to seek the leadership of the Prince Calhoun, a Liberal, was elected to the House Edward Island Liberal Party. While in Ottawa she of Assembly in the 1876 general election for 4,h served as the Official Opposition critic for con­ Prince. He served on several committees, includ­ sumer and corporate affairs, energy, mines and re­ ing the Public Accounts Committee. Calhoun sources, and financial institutions, and as the asso­ chaired the Special Committee to Report Standing ciate critic for privatization and regulatory affairs. Rules and Orders for the governance of the House Callbeck was the vice-chair of the Caucus Com­ of Assembly. In 1877 he presented a petition to mittee on Sustainable Development. In 1993 she the House on behalf of the citizens of Summerside, returned to the provincial scene, becoming Liberal which stated that the Act for the Better Govern­ leader on 23 January 1993 upon the resignation of ment of Towns and Villages was inadequate. The Premier Joseph Ghiz'". She was sworn in as Premier petition further requested an Act of Incorporation and President of Executive Council on 25 January for Summerside to enable the residents to govern 1993. In that year's general election, Callbeck led the town in an efficient manner. Calhoun's sup­ the Liberals to victory, winning 31 of 32 seats. She port of the petition was derived, in part, from his became Canada's first elected female premier. having been a member of the first town board of Following the 1993 general election, despite Summerside in 1875, a position which he held for winning a large majority, Callbeck faced a difficult two years. task. The provincial debt was high and the coun­ Born in New Brunswick, Calhoun spent a try was in the midst of a recession. Furthermore, significant part of his adult life in Summerside. In federal transfer payments had declined and the in­ 1871 he was listed as an employee of J. L. Holman. terest on the provincial debt was inhibiting gov­ At the same time, he operated a general store and ernment initiatives. sold lumber and flour. In 1878 he carried out busi­ Callbeck felt strongly that the province's ness on the shore-front at Queen's wharf in financial house needed to be returned to good or­ Summerside. An 1878 Summerside map locates a der. In 1993 she began a program of government sawmill and warehouse on the east end of the wa­ reform. Government departments, crown corpora­ terfront belonging to him. In the 1880-1881 Teare tions, and agencies were consolidated. The provin­ Directory of Prince Edward Island he was listed as cial health care and education systems were ratio­ a lumber merchant located on Eustance Street. It nalized. Beyond these initiatives, Callbeck believed is known that John Montague Clarke'' worked for that the deficit problem had to be addressed. The Calhoun in Summerside. Callbeck Administration legislated a 7.5 per cent wage rollback for provincial public sector employ­ References ees. Over 12,000 public sector employees were af­ CPG 1879; Medium's Atlas; Roads to Summerside pp. 69. 88; PEI Journ.il of the House of Assembly 1877; Examiner 19 April 1875; fected. The rollback saved $24.6 million, but it also PARO: RG 19 series 3 subseries 1 volume 4 1871-1881 License Cash required breaking several collective agreements. Books; Lovell's PEI Directory 1871; McAlpine PEI Directory 1870-71 p. 1362; MNI-Mercantile Agency Reference Book 1876; MNI-Teare As historian Dr. Edward MacDonald states Directory of PEI 1880-81. in his book, // You're Stronghejrted, "The 7.5% Solution proved to be a fiscal success but a politi­ CALLBECK, LLD., HONOURABLE cal disaster." Public servants were angry with the CATHERINE SOPHIA, businessperson; b. 25 July government and were vocal in their criticism. The 1939 in Central Bedeque, daughter of Ralph R Callbeck Administration's attempts to rationalize 2* Caf[Fec6 the health care system further alienated the popu- Prince Edward Island United Way Fund and the lace. During her time as premier, the government Canadian Heart and Stroke Foundation, and has also undertook a far-reaching reform of the pro- been a member of the board of the Prince County vincial electoral system. The 16 dual-member ridings Hospital and of the Red Cross Sustaining Mem- were abolished in favour of 27 new single-member bership Program. She has co-chaired Meals-on- constituencies. These changes in the electoral map Wheels and chaired the Bedeque Area Centennial were implemented in the 1996 general election. She Days. Callbeck was a member of the Provincial resigned as premier in August 1996. In the general Committee for the International Year of the Dis- election held in November 1996, the Liberals suf- abled and was a director of the Atlantic Canada fered defeat under the leadership of Keith Milligan*. Institute. She has also been a board member and On 23 September 1997, Callbeck was ap- elder at the Bedeque United Church. Catherine pointed to the Senate by Prime Minister Jean Callbeck lives in the family home in Chretien. She served as a Member of the Senate Central Bedeque. Standing Committee on Banking, Trade and Com­ merce, and is presently a member of the Social References CPG 1998-1999; MicDonald If You 're Stronghcmed pp. 363-65, 369, Affairs, Science and Technology Committee, and 372,374; wwPElp. 21; Guardhn 24 October 1986,30 March 1993, the Transportation and Communications 29 Au8ust 2002:Joumil-Pionar7 February 1975, 7 August 1996. Committee. Premier Callbeck was a trailblazer for women CALLBECK, HENRY JOHN, merchant, agent, in politics, provincially and nationally. At the time 'ustice of the Peace> shipbuilder, and sheriff; b. 25 of her 1974 election, she became the second woman February 1818 in Tryon, son of Philip M. Callbeck to be elected to the provincial Legislature, and was and Ann (Nancy) Warren; m. 15 August 1843 Char- the youngest woman to be appointed a provincial lotte Amelia Robinson of Charlottetown, and they Cabinet minister and only the second woman to had mne children, Ann, Eleanor, Sehna, Myra, be appointed to the provincial Cabinet. Charlotte, Thomas, Philip, John, and Matilda; Callbeck received her early education at the Methodist; d. 29 January 1898 in Charlottetown. Central Bedeque School and then attended Callbeck, a Liberal, was first elected to the Summerside High School. Subsequently she stud- House of Assembly in the general election of 1867 ied at Mount Allison University in Sackville, New for 2nd Queens. He was re-elected in the general Brunswick, and earned a Bachelor of Commerce elections of 1870, 1872, and 1873. He served on in 1960. In 1963 Callbeck earned a Bachelor of Executive Council from 1867 to 1870. Education from Dalhousie University and then went Callbeck spent the early years of his life in on to complete post-graduate courses in business Tryon, remaining on the family farm until 1838. administration at Syracuse University. She was the He was educated at the local school. After leaving recipient of an honourary Doctorate of Laws from home, he and his brother became coastal traders Mount Allison University in 1996. on a schooner. In 1840 he opened a general store In her early career Callbeck was a business in Tryon and operated it for 11 years. During the teacher in both New Brunswick and Ontario. She same period, he was a shipbuilder, producing sev- moved back to the Island to work in the family eral vessels for the Newfoundland and English retail business, Callbeck's Limited, and continues markets. While on a business voyage to Liverpool, to play a large role in the business today. Callbeck England, in 1844, he was shipwrecked and barely was chair of the board at the Confederation Cen- escaped death, spending 12 hours in the cold wa- tre of the Arts and was a member of the board of ter during a violent storm. Compounding the physi- regents at Mount Allison University and the board cal damage he suffered, Callbeck lost $3,000 in of governors at the University of Prince Edward uninsured cargo. He moved to Charlottetown in Island. She was also a member of the Maritime 1851, where he opened a store and conducted a Provinces Higher Education Commission and of general retail business. During his last 30 years of the board of the Institute for Research in Public business operations, Callbeck dealt largely in the Policy. Senator Callbeck was named a director of purchase and sale of wool sheared on Prince Ed- the Mutual Fund Dealers Association in 1998. ward Island. He also acted as agent for Tryon Callbeck has served as a director of the Woolen Factory, later Stanfield and Lord Woolen 2? Cameron Mills, which eventually became the Stanfield Mill CAMPBELL, P.C, Q.C., LL.D., HONOURABLE in Truro. ALEXANDER BRADSHAW, b. 1 December 1933 In addition to a busy mercantile and politi- in Summerside, son or Thane Alexander Campbell" cal career, Callbeck served as a Justice of the Peace and Cecilia Lillian Bradshaw; m. 19 August 1961 and High Sheriff for Queens County in 1881 and Marilyn Ruth Gilmour, and they had three chil- 1882.