Introduced marine species in South Australia: a review of records and distribution mapping Kathryn Wiltshire, Keith Rowling and Marty Deveney SARDI Publication No. F2010/000305-1 SARDI Research Report Series No. 468 ISBN: 978-1-921563-33-1 SARDI Aquatic Sciences PO Box 120 Henley Beach, SA 5022 June 2010 Introduced marine species in South Australia: a review of records and distribution mapping Kathryn Wiltshire, Keith Rowling and Marty Deveney SARDI Publication No. F2010/000305-1 SARDI Research Report Series No. 468 ISBN: 978-1-921563-33-1 June 2010 This Publication may be cited as: Wiltshire, K., Rowling, K. and Deveney, M (2010). Introduced marine species in South Australia: a review of records and distribution mapping. South Australian Research and Development Institute (Aquatic Sciences), Adelaide. SARDI Publication No. F2010/000305-1. SARDI Research Report Series No. 468. 232p. South Australian Research and Development Institute SARDI Aquatic Sciences 2 Hamra Avenue West Beach SA 5024 Telephone: (08) 8207 5400 Facsimile: (08) 8207 5406 http://www.sardi.sa.gov.au DISCLAIMER The authors warrant that they have taken all reasonable care in producing this report. The report has been through the SARDI Aquatic Sciences internal review process, and has been formally approved for release by the Chief, Aquatic Sciences. Although all reasonable efforts have been made to ensure quality, SARDI Aquatic Sciences does not warrant that the information in this report is free from errors or omissions. SARDI Aquatic Sciences does not accept any liability for the contents of this report or for any consequences arising from its use or reliance placed upon it. © 2010 SARDI This work is copyright. Apart from any use as permitted under the Copyright Act 1968 (Cth), no part may be reproduced by any process without prior written permission from the authors. Printed in Adelaide: June 2010 SARDI Publication No. F2010/000305-1 SARDI Research Report Series No. 468 ISBN: 978-1-921563-33-1 Author(s): Kathryn Wiltshire, Keith Rowling and Marty Deveney Reviewer(s): Scoresby Shepherd and Shirley Sorokin Approved by: Jason Tanner, Principal Scientist – Marine Environment & Ecology Signed: Date: 25 June 2010 Distribution: SAASC Library, University of Adelaide Library, Parliamentary Library, State Library and National Library Circulation: Public Domain TABLE OF CONTENTS List of tables......................................................................................................................vi List of figures....................................................................................................................vii List of abbreviations .......................................................................................................... x Acknowledgements...........................................................................................................xi Executive Summary .......................................................................................................... 1 1. Introduction................................................................................................................... 3 2. Methods........................................................................................................................ 4 2.1. Collation of records ................................................................................................. 4 2.2. Species information................................................................................................. 6 2.3. Mapping .................................................................................................................. 8 3. Results........................................................................................................................ 12 3.1. Species reported as being introduced in SA ......................................................... 12 3.2. Species maps and information – trigger list species ............................................. 26 ANNELIDA: Polychaeta.......................................................................................27 3.2.1. Sabella spallanzanii (Gmelin, 1791) - European fan worm .........................27 ARTHROPODA: Malacostraca............................................................................31 3.2.2. Carcinus maenas (Linnaeus, 1758) - European shore crab........................31 3.2.3. Charybdis japonica (Milne-Edwards, 1861).................................................34 ARTHROPODA: Maxillopoda..............................................................................36 3.2.4. Balanus improvisus Darwin, 1854 ...............................................................36 MOLLUSCA: Bivalvia ..........................................................................................37 3.2.5. Musculista senhousia (Benson in Cantor, 1842).........................................37 3.2.6. Crassostrea gigas (Thunberg, 1793) - Pacific oyster ..................................39 DINOMASTIGOTA: Dinophyceae .......................................................................42 3.2.7. Gymnodinium catenatum Graham, 1943.....................................................42 3.2.8. Alexandrium catenella (Whedon and Kofoid, 1936) Balech, 1985 ..............44 3.2.9. Alexandrium minutum Halim, 1960..............................................................46 3.2.10. Alexandrium tamarense (Lebour, 1925) Balech, 1985..............................48 CHLOROPHYTA: Bryopsidophyceae ................................................................50 3.2.11. Caulerpa racemosa var. cylindracea (Sonder) Verlaque, Huisman & Boudouresque, 2003 ...............................................................................50 3.2.12. Caulerpa taxifolia (M. Vahl) C. Agardh, 1817 ............................................53 3.2.13. Codium fragile ssp. fragile (Suringar) Hariot, 1889 ...................................56 i 3.3. Species maps and information – non-trigger list species...................................... 57 CNIDARIA: Anthozoa ..........................................................................................58 3.3.1. Haliplanella lineata (Verrill, 1870)................................................................58 CNIDARIA: Hydrozoa ..........................................................................................59 3.3.2. Coryne eximia Gaertner, 1774 ....................................................................59 3.3.3. Cordylophora caspia (Pallas, 1771) ............................................................60 3.3.4. Halecium delicatulum Coughtrey, 1876.......................................................61 3.3.5. Antennella secundaria (Gmelin, 1791) ........................................................63 3.3.6. Plumularia setacea (Linnaeus, 1758)..........................................................64 CNIDARIA: Scyphozoa........................................................................................66 3.3.7. Cassiopea ndrosia Agassiz and Mayer, 1899 .............................................66 ANNELIDA: Polychaeta.......................................................................................67 3.3.8. Alitta succinea (Frey and Leuckart, 1847)...................................................67 3.3.9. Myxicola infundibulum (Renier, 1804) .........................................................68 3.3.10. Hydroides “elegans” ..................................................................................70 3.3.11. Cirriformia punctata (Grube, 1859)............................................................72 3.3.12. Boccardia chilensis Blake and Woodwick, 1971 .......................................74 3.3.13. Boccardia proboscidea Hartman, 1940 .....................................................76 3.3.14. Polydora “ciliata” .......................................................................................78 3.3.15. Pseudopolydora paucibranchiata (Okuda, 1937) ......................................80 ARTHROPODA: Malacostraca............................................................................82 3.3.16. Caprella penantis Leach, 1814..................................................................82 3.3.17. Corophium acherusicum Costa, 1857 .......................................................84 3.3.18. Corophium insidiosum Crawford, 1937 .....................................................86 3.3.19. Eurylana arcuata (Hale, 1925)...................................................................87 3.3.20. Paracerceis sculpta (Holmes, 1904)..........................................................89 3.3.21. Sphaeroma quoyanum Milne-Edwards, 1840 ...........................................91 3.3.22. Tanais dulongii (Audouin, 1826)................................................................93 3.3.23. Palaemon macrodactylus Rathbun, 1902..................................................94 3.3.24. Parasesarma erythodactyla (Hess, 1865) .................................................95 ARTHROPODA: Maxillopoda..............................................................................97 3.3.25. Elminius modestus Darwin, 1854 ..............................................................97 ii 3.3.26. Megabalanus tintinnabulum (Linnaeus, 1758)...........................................99 MOLLUSCA: Bivalvia ........................................................................................101 3.3.27. Theora lubrica Gould, 1861.....................................................................101