Carnival 2010, vol. 12 | ISSN 1457-1226 Carnival Journal of the International Students of History Association on line version Editor-in-Chief: Sven Mörsdorf, Marburg Editorial Board: Katharina Rein, Berlin Robert J. Hanna, Marburg Rasmus Terörde, Marburg Publisher: International Students of History Association Printing: Color Image bvba - www.colorimage.be Heverlee, Belgium ISSN 1457-1226 Circulation: 200 hard copies, online edition Carnival is a publication of the International Students of History Association (ISHA), an international, academic, non-profit, independent organisation of students and graduates interested in history and related sciences. ISHA offers and co-ordinates various means of co-operation among students from different countries and backgrounds that are interested in historical science and related academic disciplines. For further information, please visit www.isha-international.org or contact the International Board at [email protected] International Board 2009-10: International Board 2010-11 Frerik Kampman, president Sarah Stroobants, president Elsa Mäki-Reinikka, secretary Sven Mörsdorf, vice-president Marko Smokvina, treasurer Timo Vuorikivi, secretary Bodil Lindberg, treasurer Disclaimer: Facts and opinions published in the papers express solely the opinions of the respective authors. Authors are responsible for their citing of sources and the accuracy of their refer- ences and bibliographies. ISHA cannot be held responsible for any lacks or possible viola- tions of third parties’ rights. Leibniz Graduate School for Cultures of Knowledge in Central European Transnational Contexts The Herder Institute in Marburg, the Graduate Centre for the Study of Culture (GCSC) and the Gießen Centre for Eastern Europe is offering scholarships, financed each for a period of three years: 3 graduate scholarships (starting 1 st January 2011) The graduate programme’s main topic focuses on the value of cultures of knowledge in an Eastern European context. The Leibniz Graduate School is open to all projected PhD theses that are specifically designed to make a substantive contribution to a discussion of the following topics: • European Academic cultures and academic communication: forums, networks, people, generations, forms of socialisation, political background • National and transnational categories of knowledge and intellectual styles • Pluralisation, (self-)instrumentalisation, enforced standardisation, transformation of academic institutions • Concepts and key terms in academic communication: nation, class, ethnicity, identity, gender, religion • Academic cultures in an age of globalisation and the digital World Further details: www.herder-institute.de/leibniz-graduate-school Carnival XII 2010 Carnival XII (2010) Contents Editorial 5 A Word from the President 7 Integration Throughout History Cultural Integration Anastasia Guzanova: Integration Through ART: On Russian-Finnish Interactions of Art at the Turn of the 20th Century 10 Valentina Caldari: Cultural Integration in Early Modern European Courts 21 Cseperke Orsolya Tikász: Old Believer Women’s Functions in the Novgorod Diocese in the Second Half of the 19 th Century 33 Political Integration Anita Buhin: Changing Street Names – Changing Identity 44 Juraj Lepiš: Czechoslovakia and Poland – Conflicts in a Next-Door Relationship 54 Jan Vandeburie: The Fatimid Failure Against the Crusaders at the End of the First Crusade 68 2 Carnival XII (2010) Integration vs. Segregation Giovanni Garufi Bozza : The Basaglia Act and the Integration of the Mentally Ill into Society 90 Karen Bähr: Zygmunt Bauman’s Concept of Social Engineering Reconsidered. The Early Swedish Welfare State and its Sterilisation Programme 104 Integration and Legitimation Katharina Rein: The First Among Peers: The Depiction of Augustus in Virgil’s Aeneid 110 Marko Bagi ć: Josip Broz Tito as a Factor of Political and Ideological Integration in Yugoslavia 125 Marko Fu ček: Yugoslav Regime Rhetoric and Legitimation Strategies: The Response to the Cominform Resolution 134 Other Contributions Dubravko Aladi ć: The Largest Ship Under the Croatian Flag. Viribus Unitis and the Last Bastion Defending the Croatian Coast 158 Michael Bolz: A Roman’s Habitus. A Reconstruction of the Narrator Umbricius’ Mentality in Juvenal’s Third Satire 164 3 Carnival XII (2010) Discussion Bogdan Šteh: A (Slovenian) Graduated Historian’s Anabasis. Or: Why You Don’t Need a PhD in History to Drive a Taxi 176 Interview Sven Mörsdorf: “The World Around Us Tells a Story” – History, Language, and the Works of J.R.R. Tolkien Interview with Dr Allan Turner, Jena 191 Call for Papers Guidelines for Contributions 202 4 Carnival XII (2010) Editorial Dear reader, The newest issue of Carnival is in your hands now (or on your screen, in case of the online edition). For the first time in as long as most of us can think back, it has been possible to release Carnival in due time, that is within half a year of the Annual Conference, ISHA’s main academic event. No one is to blame for these delays, as publishing the journal has always been depending on the commitment of volunteers. Sometimes, personal matters interfered, or bad luck stroke – e.g. as has been the case with the previous edition which was only finalised this spring. But Carnival is on a good way, and so is ISHA (cf. the president’s letter right after this introduction). The previous edition already introduced a more professional layout to the publication, and many efforts have been taken by last year’s editors to ensure a high level of academic quality as well. In order to take this good work one step further, during the last sev- eral months an informal workgroup within ISHA has formed which is cur- rently debating the future of Carnival; basically, that means how to im- prove the journal even more. Personally, I am convinced that publishing this journal is a very important and rewarding task because it forms a great (and rare) opportunity for students to present their work and also receive feedback by their colleagues from many countries. Let us, therefore, con- tinue working together in order to overcome the last of the difficulties that have been limiting Carnival’s success in the past. But back to what you are reading at the very moment. This issue of Carni- val takes its major theme from the topic of the Annual Conference of 5 Carnival XII (2010) ISHA 2010 in Helsinki: “Integration Throughout History”. We have col- lected many interesting papers which have been presented during the con- ference, or which have been written on the occasion of other ISHA events during the course of the academic year 2009-2010. They are comple- mented by two articles that have been written independently of the present issue’s topic. The previous edition of Carnival already saw the introduction of a new kind of contribution: an interview with a specialist. It is my firm belief that such interviews can significantly benefit the journal’s ultimate aim – broadening students’ horizons by showing them different points of view and varied ways of interpretation. Therefore, I am very grateful that in the issue at hand a specialist from a different field of study has shared some of his thoughts about his primary field of interest – language – and about ours – history, on the background of J.R.R. Tolkien’s life and works. As I said before, both ISHA and its journal are on a good way. Many tasks lie before us, but some very good foundations have already been laid, es- pecially during the past academic year. This is why I do not only wish to thank Katharina, Robert, and Rasmus, who have helped me considerably with putting this edition of Carnival together, but also the members of the very committed and hard-working International Board of 2009-2010. Hoping that this issue of Carnival will find its readers’ appreciation, Viva ISHA and all the best! Sven Mörsdorf Editor-in-chief, 2009-2010 Council, 2009-2010 6 Carnival XII (2010) A Word from the President Dear reader, It is with much pleasure that I present to you this new edition of Carnival , the journal of the International Students of History Association. This edi- tion contains the academic work of students throughout Europe who are connected to our association. Last year we held many activities, bringing our members together at a number of seminars and a large annual confer- ence. Please allow me to point out some of the highlights of the year. Natural highlights are the seminars that ISHA sections organise year- round. We had a full agenda this year, including not only the traditional seasonal seminars, but also a first-of-its-kind weekend seminar. After dis- cussing multiculturalism in Pisa at the autumn seminar, we travelled to cold Vilnius to celebrate New Year while pondering manipulation through history. ISHA Marburg decided to dedicate a small seminar to the Bologna system, which fit in well with our newly-acquired associate membership in the European Students’ Union. Just as the summer holiday began, Nicosia served as the venue for a beautiful summer seminar on the concept of war. Never has an ISHA seminar been witnessed by so many palm trees. A special highlight was the annual conference. This is the main event every year, and every section tries to be present. Finland showed its best side, as the spring clearly set in during our visit, giving us the chance to see Helsinki melting down from the icy winter. The theme of the confer- ence was ‘integration throughout history,’ touching nicely upon the semi- nar topics. 7 Carnival XII (2010) We have taken a new step in making ISHA more visible to the outside world. Together with Euroclio (the European Association of History Edu- cators) and The Europaeum, an association of ten leading European uni- versities, ISHA contributed to the project ‘Connecting Europe through History.’ In several joint meetings we held roundtable sessions on the topic of migration as a common feature throughout European history. In Helsinki, the ISHA annual conference very successfully accommodated such a session together with Finnish history teachers and teacher trainers.