Annual Report “C ” ON IFE SERVE WILDL 2019 i ANNA KUSLER A cheetah cub eyes its surroundings in the Greater Liuwa Ecosystem of Western Zambia. A transboundary ecosystem with connectivity to Angola, Liuwa hosts Zambia’s second-largest cheetah population. Table of Contents The Year in Review . 1 Our Approach . .2 . Where We work . 4 . Field Reports . 5 Luangwa Valley . 5 . Greater Kafue . 10 . Greater Liuwa . 15 . Greater Kabompo and Greater Nsumbu . .21 . Conservation Action . .23 . Empowerment . .30 . The Science of Conservation . 38. 2019 Supporters . .41 . Cover: Pups from the Luangwa’s Baobab Pack nuzzle their mother. One of the largest packs in the study, Baobab was the Zambian Carnivore Programme direct result of collaborative anti-snaring work by ZCP, DNPW PO Box 80, Mfuwe, Eastern Province, Zambia and Conservation South Luangwa. Read their story on page 6. www.zambiacarnivores.org Photo by Edward Selfe. The Year in Review We concluded another momentous year in 2019, patrols by DNPW and partners to reduce snaring working with the Department of National Parks by-catch and prey depletion, we jointly developed and Wildlife (DNPW) and an array of partners human-carnivore conflict mitigation to conserve large carnivores and ecosystems programmes in the Luangwa and Liuwa, we across Zambia . Our work extended across 7 developed genetic tools for combatting national parks and seven Game Management trafficking of big cats and for evaluating connec- Areas, as we logged over 2,700 person days in the tivity between ecosystems; and we continued to field, and intensively monitored nearly 1,000 evaluate human encroachment and provide individual carnivores . science-based guidance for policy, land-use and species action plans, while continuing our And the importance of these projects has never emerging collaborations on watershed and been greater . We are living in an era of rapid, climate change work . human-induced environmental change, where current extinction rates are unprecedented in And, as always, Zambian leadership was funda- Dr. Matthew Becker human history, and for the first time, humans are mental to all aspects of the work . Interest in Chief Executive Officer the primary driver of global environmental carnivore conservation and our collaborative change . Particularly in the face of climate change, work continued to surge and we conducted an earth’s ecosystems are experiencing rapid rates of array of training and educational programmes transformation, and assessing the rates and conse- across all sites, continued to support another quences of this change makes long-term cohort of outstanding young professionals in integrated ecological research and monitoring pursuit of advanced education and training, and projects of key importance . Large mammals are collaborated on an assortment of community among the most affected taxa, and large carni- outreach and education programmes at a local, vores have experienced particularly large declines national and international level . in numbers and geographic distribution . Addressing conservation challenges is a We enter 2020 with all three of our long-term long-term endeavor, and a long-term projects in the Luangwa Valley, Greater Kafue, commitment is therefore necessary . We can see and Greater Liuwa Ecosystems at a decade or positive results from this, perhaps best longer of production, with new projects and exemplified in 2019 by the appearance of the collaborations on landscape levels in the Baobab wild dog pack in South Luangwa . A new, Kabompo and Nsumbu Ecosystems beginning . large and previously unknown pack to our study, A lot has changed over this time in the dynamics these dogs were the direct result of long-term of people, wildlife, habitats, and climate, and collaborative anti-snaring work by DNPW, together with our partners, we are positioned to Conservation South Luangwa and ZCP, and a continue addressing these issues . testament to the value of collaborations and commitment by all organizations . We hope you And we have a number of conservation actions enjoy the Baobab pack’s story and all the other guided by science and aimed at combatting information from 2019 enclosed in this report . threats to species and ecosystems . We continued On behalf of everyone in the organization, thank to provide significant support to anti-snaring you again for your support . Our Approach The Zambian Carnivore Programme (ZCP) follows a three-tiered interdisciplinary approach of Conservation Science, Conservation Action and Conservation Empowerment to fulfill its goal of conserving large carnivores and Science ecosystems . Identifying, describing and evaluating limiting factors and threats The success of this work fundamentally rests on our diverse and effective collaborations with local, national, and international partners, agencies, organizations and institutions that Our approach collectively provide the expertise, resources and energy to address the myriad conservation challenges facing Zambia . Empow- Action erment Addressing threats Ensuring sustainability as identified by research through Zambian leadership Why Carnivores? Umbrella species Keystone species Carnivores need space, Carnivores have an and lots of it; protecting ecological influence them protects an array of disproportionate to their other species in an abundance. ecosystem. Indicator species Carnivores are very Flagship species sensitive to human Carnivores are charismatic impacts and are often and generate lots of some of the first to public interest and disappear from support for conservation. ecosystems. 2 Conservation Science In an era of rapid, human-induced ecological change, the importance of long-term projects to provide science-based assessments of the rates and consequences of these changes has never been more important to inform, guide and evaluate conservation, management and policy actions . Our integrated multi-site, multi-species, landscape scale work incorporates a holistic approach to understanding the trends, patterns, and dynamics of large carnivores, their prey, and the myriad human and ecological factors DAAN SMIT DAAN affecting them . In concert, this work provides accurate and current assessments of immediate, long-term and pending threats to these species and ecosystems, and the actions needed to address these impacts . Conservation Action Guided by science, our conservation action initi- atives help address the threats to species, ecosystems, and wildlife-based economies . We collaborate with a diverse array of partners on work ranging from supporting anti-poaching and combatting the bushmeat trade, to human- wildlife conflict mitigation, disease control, anti-trafficking, large landscape conservation and species reintroduction . SANDRA MARTENS SANDRA Conservation Empowerment The sustainability of conservation efforts are often compromised because local communities are not effectively involved . We undertake a compre- hensive approach to help develop local leadership and ensure sustainability through training, educating, sponsoring and employing current and aspiring Zambian conservation leaders in all aspects of the work, while conducting an array of community outreach and education work across the country . ANNA KUSLER 3 Where we work Zambia – the crossroads of connectivity Connects eastern and Borders 8 countries southern African with multiple wildlife populations transfrontier conservation areas Heart of the Zambezi Multiple areas of river watershed, unfenced, contiguous draining much of the land over 70,000 km2 region Large-scale ecological Over 30% country processes (migration, managed as protected dispersal, flooding, area complexes etc.) still occur ZCP Study Areas The Zambian Carnivore Programme’s work centers primarily in three main ecosystems, namely the Luangwa Valley, Greater Kafue Ecosystem and Greater Liuwa Ecosystem . All of these areas consist of a matrix of national parks and Game Management Areas (GMAs), which collectively comprise the majority of Zambia’s large carnivore populations and are part of three Transfrontier Conservation Areas (TFCAs) . We also work with partners in the recovering Kabompo and Nsumbu Ecosystems . The Luangwa Valley currently contains the country’s largest carnivore popula- tions; Greater Kafue contains Zambia’s second- MARCUS WESTBERG MARCUS largest carnivore populations and its largest ZCP Ecologist and Luangwa Project Manager Thandiwe Mweetwa radio-tracks wild dogs in cheetah population as well as an incredible South Luangwa National Park. diversity of ungulates; and Greater Liuwa contains recovering populations of all carnivores and important populations of cheetah as well as Africa’s second-largest wildebeest migration . 4 Field Reports Luangwa Valley African Wild Dogs We continued the country’s longest running wild was killed in a snare . While extremely unfor- dog conservation work in the Luangwa Valley in tunate it highlights both the threats facing wild 2019, continuing work in and around South dogs and the connectivity of the Luangwa Valley . Luangwa National Park (SLNP) while also We also produced our first analysis of genetic continuing and expanding work in Luambe connectivity of Zambian wild dog populations National Park and North Luangwa National and the effects of competition and human Park as well as the adjoining Game Management impacts (See Large Landscape Conservation) . Areas (GMAs), and areas considerably further south of South Luangwa National Park . We monitored 181 dogs in 21 packs and dispersing groups across approximately