BELLORINI, C.: THE WORLD OF PLANTS IN RENAISSANCE TUSCANY. MEDICINE AND BOTANY Introduction Chapter 1. Plants and Medicine at the Court of Cosimo, Francesco, and Ferdinando de’ Medici The Construction of a Cultural Identity The Importance of the Name Medici: Cosmas and Damian The Grand Dukes’ Commitment to Medicine The Fonderie Plants and Gardens Conclusion Chapter 2. Medical Botany at the Re-founded University of Pisa Cosimo I’s Cultural Project and the University Luca Ghini and the New Teaching of materia medica Ghini’s Placiti and Lectures Andrea Cesalpino Cesalpino’s Herbarium (1563): A First Attempt at Plant Classification Cesalpino’s De plantis Conclusion Chapter 3. New Ways of Studying Plants Gardens of Simples Herbaria Field Trips Botanical Illustration Cosimo’s Scrittoio Brunfels and Fuchs The Debate on Images Iacopo Ligozzi Conclusion 8 Chapter 4. Plants from the New World The New plants Florence and Discovery American Plants in the Nuovo ricettario fiorentino Luca Ghini on the French Disease Gabriele Falloppio’s Tractatus de morbo gallico New plants in Mattioli’s Discorsi Nicolas Monardes’s Historia Medicinal American Plants in Cesalpino’s De Plantis Conclusion Chapter 5. The Nuovo ricettario fiorentino and the Understanding of Therapy The First Edition of the Nuovo ricettario fiorentino The Evolution of the Ricettario The Penetration of Paracelsus’s Theories into Tuscany Plants and Chemistry: Distillation Plants and Therapy in Paracelsus’s Herbarius The Doctrine of Signatures Conclusion Chapter 6. Theory and Practice Medical Practice in the Faculty of Medicine Three Texts of Mercuriale on Quartan Fever Some Cases of Fever in the Medici Family Cosimo I’s Illness in 1572 The Account Books of the Speziale al Giglio Simples Medicines Conclusion Conclusion .