PLAGIAT MERUPAKAN TINDAKAN TIDAK TERPUJI A STUDY OF CHRIS’S MOTIVATIONS IN LIVING OFF THE LAND IN ALASKA AS SEEN IN JON KRAKAUER’S INTO THE WILD A THESIS Presented as Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements to Obtain the Sarjana Pendidikan Degree in English Language Education By Andreas Candra Yoga Pamungkas Student Number: 031214130 ENGLISH LANGUAGE EDUCATION STUDY PROGRAM DEPARTMENT OF LANGUAGE AND ARTS EDUCATION FACULTY OF TEACHERS TRAINING AND EDUCATION SANATA DHARMA UNIVERSITY YOGYAKARTA 2008 PLAGIAT MERUPAKAN TINDAKAN TIDAK TERPUJI A STUDY OF CHRIS’S MOTIVATIONS IN LIVING OFF THE LAND IN ALASKA AS SEEN IN JON KRAKAUER’S INTO THE WILD A THESIS Presented as Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements to Obtain the Sarjana Pendidikan Degree In English Language Education By Andreas Candra Yoga Pamungkas Student Number: 031214130 ENGLISH LANGUAGE EDUCATION STUDY PROGRAM DEPARTMENT OF LANGUAGE AND ARTS EDUCATION FACULTY OF TEACHERS TRAINING AND EDUCATION SANATA DHARMA UNIVERSITY YOGYAKARTA 2008 i PLAGIAT MERUPAKAN TINDAKAN TIDAK TERPUJI iii PLAGIAT MERUPAKAN TINDAKAN TIDAK TERPUJI HAPPINESS ONLY REAL WHEN SHARED (Christopher Johnson McCandless) Dedicated with love and gratitude to: my Dad up heaven there and my super beautiful Mom, who have introduced me to the beauty of life iii PLAGIAT MERUPAKAN TINDAKAN TIDAK TERPUJI STATEMENT OF WORK’S ORIGINALITY I honestly declare that the thesis, which I wrote, does not contain the works or parts of the works of ther people, except those cited in the quotations and the references, as a scientific paper should. Yogyakarta, 8 November 2008 The Writer, Andreas Candra Yoga Pamungkas 031214130 iv PLAGIAT MERUPAKAN TINDAKAN TIDAK TERPUJI LEMBAR PERNYATAAN PERSETUJUAN PUBLIKASI KARYA ILMIAH UNTUK KEPENTINGAN AKADEMIS Yang bertandatangan di bawah ini, saya mahasiswa Universitas Sanata Dharma: Nama : Andreas Candra Yoga Pamungkas Nomor Mahasiswa : 031214130 Demi pengembangan ilmu pengetahuan, saya memberikan kepada Perpustakaan Uiversitas Sanata Dharma karya ilmiah saya yang berjudul: A STUDY OF CHRIS’S MOTIVATIONS IN LIVING OFF THE LAND IN ALASKA AS SEEN IN JON KRAKAUER’S INTO THE WILD Beserta perangkat yang diperlukan (bila ada). Dengan demikian saya memberikan kepada Perpustakaan Universitas Sanata Dharma hak untuk menyimpan, mengalihkan dalam bentuk media lain, mengelolanya dalam bentuk pangkalan data, mendistribusikan secara terbatas, dan mempublikasikannya di internet atau media lain untuk kepentingan akademis tanpa perlu meminta ijin dari saya maupun memberikan royalti kepada saya selama tetap mencantumkan nama saya sebagai penulis. Demikian pernyataan ini saya buat dengan sebenarnya. Dibuat di Yogyakarta Pada tanggal: 28 November 2008 Yang menyatakan, Andreas Candra Yoga Pamungkas v PLAGIAT MERUPAKAN TINDAKAN TIDAK TERPUJI ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS First of all, I would like to praise and thank my beloved Jesus Christ and Mother Mary for the wonderful grace, blessings, and for giving me the strength so that I could complete my thesis. My deepest gratitude also goes to my major sponsor, Drs. A. Herujiyanto, M.A., Ph.D. who always read, re-read my thesis, and supported me with his beneficial suggestions. I do believe that without his guidance, I could never have accomplished my thesis. From the bottom of my heart, I would like to thank him for his sincere guidance, patience, and time. I also give thank Mbak Dani and Mbak Tari for helping me with the administrative matters and to all Sanata Dharma University staff. My sincere gratitude goes to my beloved parents F. Sumpeno Yudonugroho and Rosalia Budi M. who always give me supports encouragement, and prayer. I also thank to my sister Mbak Ika and my brothers Mas Irvan and Mas Candra for being patient to me. I truthfully would like to thank my best friends: 6 CHE 2003, Inu, Yudo, Edwin, Eong, Kuda, Si Po, etc. for the time they spent with me. I would also like to thank Ajeng, Melon, Timur, Babi, Dudung, Grace, Cherly and my friends at Sanata Dharma University for encouraging me to complete my thesis. I would like to thank Mitra Perpustakaan for the cooperation during this time. I hope our friendship will never end. Finally, I thank those whose names cannot be mentioned one by one, who have helped and supported me. MAY GOD BLESS THEM ALL. vi PLAGIAT MERUPAKAN TINDAKAN TIDAK TERPUJI TABLE OF CONTENTS Page TITLE PAGE………………………………………..……………………………i APPROVAL PAGE……………………..…………………………………….....ii DEDICATION PAGE………………………………………………………......iii STATEMENT OF WORK’S ORIGINALITY……………………...…………iv LEMBAR PERNYATAAN PERSETUJUAN PUBLIKASI……….……….……v ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS..…………………….…………………...…………vi TABLE OF CONTENTS…………………………………………...….………vii LIST OF APPENDICES...…………………………………..…………………...x ABSTRACT………………………………………………………….…………..xi ABSTRAK………………………………………………….…..……….…......…xii CHAPTER I INTRODUCTION 1.1 Background of the Study……………………………………...1 1.2 Objectives of the Study………………………………………...3 1.3 Problem Formulation...………...………....……………………3 1.4 Benefits of the Study………...………..……………………….4 1.5 Definition of Terms……………………….………..………….4 CHAPTER II REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE 2.1 Review of Related Theories……..…….………………………6 vii PLAGIAT MERUPAKAN TINDAKAN TIDAK TERPUJI 2.1.1 Character……………………………………………………..6 2.1.2 Characterization……………………………………………...8 2.1.3 Approaches…………………...………………………….....10 2.1.4 Motivations………………..………………………………..12 2.2 Criticism…………...………………………………………....15 2.3 Theoretical Framework…….…………………………………17 CHAPTER III METHODOLOGY 3.1 Subject Matter………...………………………………………18 3.2 Approach………..……………….…………………………...19 3.3 Procedure….…………………………………………...……..20 CHAPTER IV ANALYSIS 4.1 The Description of Chris McCandless………………………..22 4.2 Chris McCandless’s Motivations in Living of the Land in Alaska…………….……………….35 4.2.1 Having Interpersonal Conflict with His Parents……...…….35 4.2.2 Sharing His Love to the Nature and Others……….………..37 4.2.3 Showing His Ability as a Good Adventurer...………...……39 4.2.4 Having New Experiences………………..…………………41 4.2.5 Realizing His Dream of Wildlife………..……...…………..41 viii PLAGIAT MERUPAKAN TINDAKAN TIDAK TERPUJI CHAPTER V CONCLUSIONS AND SUGGESTIONS 5.1 Conclusions…………………...……………………………...44 5.2 Suggestions……………..…………………………………….47 5.2.1 Suggestion for Future Researchers……………..…………..47 5.2.2 Suggestion for Teaching-Learning Activities…………..…..48 REFERENCES………………………..………………………………………...50 APPENDICES………………………………………………………………......52 ix PLAGIAT MERUPAKAN TINDAKAN TIDAK TERPUJI LIST OF APPENDICES Page Appendix 1: Summary of Into The Wild…………………………………….......53 Appendix 2: The Biography of Jon Krakauer……………………………………56 Appendix 3: Map of Alaska……………………………………………………...58 Appendix 4: Lesson Plan of Teaching Extensive Reading II ……………...……59 Appendix 5: Material…………………………………...………………………..60 x PLAGIAT MERUPAKAN TINDAKAN TIDAK TERPUJI ABSTRACT Pamungkas, Andreas Candra Yoga. 2008. A Study of Chris’s Motivations in Living off the Land in Alaska as Seen in Jon Krakauer’s Into the Wild. Yogyakarta: English Language Education Study Program. Department of Language and Arts Education. Faculty of Teachers Training and Education. Sanata Dharma University. Yogyakarta. This thesis analyzes Jon Krakauer’s Into the Wild. It is about Christopher Johnson McCandless, the major character of the novel. He is a young man who hitchhikes to Alaska, walks alone, and lives off the land into the wilderness in the north of Mount McKinley. The aim of this thesis is to find out Christopher’s reasons to live in the wilderness. In order to do so, this study explores how Christopher is depicted in the novel and his motivations in conducting his actions. This thesis is a library study. It employs psychological approach and several theories that are related to the study. The primary source is the novel itself, while the secondary sources are the movie based on the novel, some books on literature and psychology, as well as the related articles from the internet. Based on the analysis, it can be concluded that Christopher Johnson McCandless is smart, brave, stubborn, and musical. He is also generous, friendly, and obsessed with social issues. Not only does he love his sister, but also he cares for the nature and wildlife. Based on the human needs, his motivations can be categorized as intrinsic and extrinsic ones. His interpersonal conflicts with his parents, for example, can be categorized as one of his extrinsic motivations. His intrinsic motivations include sharing his love to the nature, having new experiences, and realizing his dream about wildlife. Finally, this thesis suggests that further researchers examine the novel by focusing on Chris’s interpersonal conflicts due to his relation with his parents. As for English teachers, they are recommended to make use of the novel to teach Extensive Reading II. xi PLAGIAT MERUPAKAN TINDAKAN TIDAK TERPUJI ABSTRAK Pamungkas, Andreas Candra Yoga. 2008. A Study of Chris’s Motivations in Living off the Land in Alaska as Seen in Jon Krakauer’s Into the Wild. Yogyakarta: Program Studi Pendidikan Bahasa Inggris. Jurusan Pendidikan Bahasa dan Seni. Fakultas Keguruan dan Ilmu Kependidikan. Universitas Sanata Dharma. Yogyakarta. Skripsi ini menganalisa novel Into the Wild yang ditulis oleh Jon Krakauer. Novel ini berkisah tentang Christopher Johnson McCandless, tokoh utama, seorang anak muda yang menumpang ke Alaska, berjalan sendiri, dan hidup dari alam di hutan belantara di sebelah utara Gunung McKinley. Skripsi ini bertujuan untuk menemukan alasan-alasan Christopher untuk hidup di dalam hutan belantara. Untuk menemukannya, skripsi ini akan menyelidiki Christopher