1380097620-Laporan Tahunan 2003-Bhgn 3

1380097620-Laporan Tahunan 2003-Bhgn 3

JABATAN ALAM SEKITAR DEPARTMENT OF ENVIRONMENT BAB / CHAPTER 5 JABATAN ALAM SEKITAR http://www.jas.sains.my 35 JABATAN ALAM SEKITAR DEPARTMENT OF ENVIRONMENT LAPORAN TAHUNAN 2003 36 ANNUAL REPORT 2003 JABATAN ALAM SEKITAR DEPARTMENT OF ENVIRONMENT PENGAWASAN KUALITI UDARA AIR QUALITY MONITORING Status Kualiti Udara Air Quality Status Pada tahun 2003, Jabatan Alam Sekitar (JAS) terus In 2003, the Department of Environment (DOE) mengawasi status kualiti udara di dalam negara monitored air quality under the national monitoring melalui rangkaian pengawasan kualiti udara network consisting of 51 automatic and 25 manual kebangsaan yang terdiri dari 51 stesen automatik dan stations (Map 5.1, Map 5.2). Sulphur Dioxide (SO2), 25 stesen manual (Peta 5.1, Peta 5.2). Sulfur Dioksida Carbon Monoxide (CO), Nitrogen Dioxide (NO2), (SO2), Karbon Monoksida (CO), Nitrogen Dioksida Ozone (O3) and Particulate Matter (PM10) were (NO2), Ozon (O3) and Partikulat Terampai (PM10) continuously monitored, while several heavy metals diawasi secara berterusan sementara logam berat including lead (Pb) were measured once in every six termasuk plumbum (Pb) diukur sekali pada setiap days (Table 5.1). enam hari. (Jadual 5.1). Secara keseluruhan, kualiti udara di seluruh negara The overall air quality for Malaysia throughout the pada tahun 2003 meningkat sedikit berbanding tahun 2003 improved slightly compared to 2002, such as sebelumnya terutama bagi parameter Partikulat for PM10, mainly due to more wet weather conditions Terampai (PM10) disebabkan oleh keadaan cuaca in 2003. dalam tahun 2003. Jadual 5.1 Jabatan Alam Sekitar: Bilangan Stesen Pengawasan dan Parameter Yang Diawasi, 1997-2003 Table 5.1 Department of Enviroment: Number of Stations and Parameters Monitored, 1997-2003 Pencemar | Pollutant 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 Karbon Monoksida | Carbon Monoxide, (CO) 21 27 34 39 39 39 40 Nitrogen Dioksida | Nitrogen Dioxide, (NO2) 27 33 40 45 45 45 46 Partikulat Terampai | Particulate Matter, (PM10) 27 37 44 40 50 50 51 Sulfur Dioksida | Sulphur Dioxide, (SO2) 27 33 40 45 50 50 51 Ozon | Ozone, (O3) 21 27 34 39 39 39 40 Plumbum | Lead 11 16 19 23 3 3 3 JABATAN ALAM SEKITAR http://www.jas.sains.my 37 JABATAN ALAM SEKITAR DEPARTMENT OF ENVIRONMENT Peta 5.1 Malaysia: Lokasi Stesen Pengawasan Udara Automatik, 2003 Map 5.1 Malaysia: Location of Continuous Air Quality Monitoring Stations, 2003 LAPORAN TAHUNAN 2003 38 ANNUAL REPORT 2003 N Kota Kinabalu Sandakan S LAUT CHINA SELATAN PULAU LABUAN Labuan SOUTH CHINA SEA Keningau DEPARTMENT OFENVIRONMENT DEPARTMENT SABAH Tawau Limbang Miri LAUT SULAWESI ALAMSEKITAR JABATAN SULAWESI SEA Bintulu LEGEND JABATAN ALAM SEKITAR ResidentialKediaman/(9) Sibu SARAWAK http://www.jas.sains.my Sarikei IndustryIndustri/(1) Kapit PM10 (5) Kota Samarahan Pending Sri Aman Kuching 39 Peta 5.2 Sabah dan Sarawak: Lokasi Stesen Pengawasan Udara Automatik, 2003 Map 5.2 Sabah and Sarawak: Location of Continuous Air Quality Monitoring Stations, 2003 JABATAN ALAM SEKITAR DEPARTMENT OF ENVIRONMENT PUNCA-PUNCA PENCEMARAN UDARA AIR POLLUTION SOURCES (STATIONARY (PUNCA TETAP DAN PUNCA TIDAK AND AREA SOURCES) TETAP) Kajian Pembentukan Faktor-faktor Pelepasan Study on Formulation of Emission Factors for Untuk Bahan Pencemar Industri Industrial Pollutants Terdapat empat objektif utama kajian ini iaitu:- The primary objectives of the study were: • Untuk mengkaji dan mengenalpasti proses- • To study and identify the processes in selected proses yang dijalankan di industri-industri industries, as well as to identify sources of berkenaan, sumber pencemaran dan jenis pollution and various control equipment employed peralatan kawalan yang digunakan bagi setiap for each industries; industri yang terbabit; • Untuk mengukur pelepasan pencemar yang • To measure the actual pollutant emissions from dilepaskan ke udara dari setiap punca; each source; • Untuk membentuk faktor pelepasan bagi • To formulate the emission factor for emission load pengiraan beban pencemaran yang dilepaskan calculations based on pollutants emitted from hasil dari aktiviti perindustrian tersebut; selected industrial activities; • Untuk membangunkan pangkalan data dalam • To develop a user friendly computer database for bentuk perisian yang mesra pengguna bagi tujuan pollution load calculation. pengiraan beban pencemaran udara. Kajian ini telah selesai dijalankan pada bulan Oktober This study was completed in October 2003 and 2003 dan pihak perunding kajian telah mencadangkan recommended values of emission factors for selected nilai-nilai faktor pelepasan bagi setiap industri yang pollution sources to provide better estimate of terbabit untuk digunapakai dalam mengganggarkan emission load calculations such as for crude palm oil beban pencemaran udara bagi sektor-sektor tersebut mills, rubber factories, cement plants, quarries, power seperti kilang minyak kelapa sawit mentah, getah, generation stations, incinerator, metal industries, simen, kuari, stesen jana kuasa, insinerator, industri petrochemical plants and mobile sources. logam, petrokimia dan kenderaan bermotor. Kajian Pengukuran dan Penentuan Standard Bau Study on Odour Measurements and Standards Di bawah rancangan Malaysia Ke Lapan, JAS dengan Under the Eighth Malaysian Plan, DOE with kerjasama Lembaga Getah Malaysia (LGM) telah cooperation from the Malaysian Rubber Board (LGM) menjalankan “Kajian Pengukuran dan Penentuan conducted a Study on Odour Measurement and Standard Bau” bertujuan untuk menentupasti nilai Standards with the objective of determining odour atau tahap bau yang tertentu untuk dijadikan sebagai thresholds and odorant concentrations of the gas standard pelepasan bau yang boleh diterima bagi samples collected for air pollution (odour) control. The LAPORAN TAHUNAN 2003 40 ANNUAL REPORT 2003 JABATAN ALAM SEKITAR DEPARTMENT OF ENVIRONMENT tujuan mengawal masalah pencemaran bau. Kajian study started in 2002 and would be completed by the ini telah dimulakan pada tahun 2002 dan dijangka end of 2004. akan diselesaikan pada penghujung tahun 2004. Hasil dan cadangan-cadangan dari kajian ini akan The findings and recommendations from this study digunakan oleh JAS sebagai asas dalam menggubal will be used by DOE as a basis to formulate peraturan dan standard bau di Malaysia. regulations on odour emission standards. PROGRAM PEMANTAUAN KUALITI AIR SUNGAI RIVER WATER QUALITY MONITORING Jabatan Alam Sekitar telah menjalankan Program The Department of Environment (DOE ) National River Pengawasan Kualiti Air di seluruh negara sejak tahun Water Monitoring Programme started in 1978 but 1978. Program tersebut kini dilaksanakan oleh Alam since 1995, it was contracted out to Alam Sekitar Sekitar Malaysia Sdn. Bhd. (ASMA) mulai tahun 1995 Malaysia Sdn Bhd (ASMA) under a privatisation melalui program penswastaan. Pada 2003, terdapat arrangement. In 2003, 926 stations located within 120 stesen pengawasan yang melibatkan 120 buah river basins in Malaysia were monitored (Table 5.2). lembangan sungai di Malaysia (Jadual 5.2). Sampel air yang diambil dari 926 buah stesen Water samples taken from the 926 stations were dianalisa bagi enam (6) parameter berikut untuk analysed to compute the Water Quality Index (WQI) mengira Indeks Kualiti Air (IKA): based on the following parameters : • Keperluan Oksigen Biokimia (BOD) • Biochemical Oxygen Demand (BOD) • Keperluan Oksigen Kimia (COD) • Chemical Oxygen Demand (COD) • Ammoniakal Nitrogen (NH3N) • Ammoniacal Nitrogen (NH3N) • pH • pH • Oksigen Terlarut (DO) • Dissolved Oxygen (DO) • Pepejal Terampai (SS) • Suspended Solids (SS) Berdasarkan keperluan di tapak, parameter lain Depending on site requirement, other parameters seperti logam berat dan pencemaran bakteria juga such as heavy metals and bacterial contamination turut dianalisis. Sepuluh (10) buah stesen were measured. In addition, ten (10) automatic water pemantauan kualiti air sungai secara automatik untuk quality monitoring stations monitored river quality mengesan perubahan secara terus menerus kepada changes on a continuous basis at Sungai Perai (Pulau kualiti air Sungai Perai (Pulau Pinang), Sungai Perak Pinang), Sungai Perak (Perak), Sungai Selangor (Perak), Sungai Selangor (Selangor), Sungai Kelang (Selangor), Sungai Kelang (WPKL), Sungai Linggi (WPKL), Sungai Linggi (Negeri Sembilan), Sungai (Negeri Sembilan), Sungai Melaka (Melaka), Sungai Melaka (Melaka), Sungai Skudai (Johor), Sungai Skudai (Johor), Sungai Keratong (Pahang), Sungai Keratong (Pahang), Sungai Terengganu (Terengganu) Terengganu (Terengganu) and Sungai Sarawak dan Sungai Sarawak (Sarawak) juga telah ditubuhkan (Sarawak) [Table 5.3]. Under the Pollution Prevention (Jadual 5.3). Di bawah Program Pencegahan and Water Quality Improvement Programme, five (5) Pencemaran dan Peningkatan Kualiti Air Sungai, lima additional automatic stations were installed at Sungai (5) stesen automatik tambahan telah ditubuhkan di Langat (Selangor), Sungai Batang Benar (Negeri JABATAN ALAM SEKITAR http://www.jas.sains.my 41 JABATAN ALAM SEKITAR DEPARTMENT OF ENVIRONMENT Sungai Langat (Selangor), Sungai Labu Sembilan) Sungai Labu (Negeri Sembilan), Sungai (N. Sembilan), Sungai Batang Benar (N. Sembilan), Putat (Melaka) and Sungai Rajang (Sarawak). Sungai Putat (Melaka) dan Sungai Rajang (Sarawak). Program Kerjasama Dalam Penambahbaikan Partnership in River Enhancement Programme Kualiti Air Sungai (PREP) Bengkel bagi program ini telah diadakan pada 12-15 A PREP Workshop was organized from 12-15 August Ogos 2003 di Tanjung Bidara Resort, Melaka. 2003 at Tanjung Bidara Resort, Melaka.

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