Digitized by the Internet Arciiive in 2008 witii funding from IVIicrosoft Corporation littp://www.arcliive.org/details/canadasfuturewhaOOvict below This book is DUE on last date stamped SOUTHERN BRANCH, iJNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA, LIBRARY, iuDS ANGELES. CALIF. CANADA'S FUTURE ^d^m. THE MACMILLAN CO. OF CANADA. Ltd. TORONTO MACMILLAN AND CO., Limited LONDON • BOMBAY • CALCUTTA MELBOURNE THE MACMILLAN COMPANY NEW YORK • BOSTON • CHICAGO DALLAS • SAN FRANCISCO <i^ril^---—S^'^J/^^-^i-^—1 _- CANAur vVHAT ^ --.MAaHTAHTg O'/IA THOUAMHOO 40 HJIUQ . 3hT AQAHaD ho JAHHViaO-JlOVIHHVoO »tvrtV5<\ i«w'\> V wftwAv^V. H^^ iM ) Field-Marshal His Royal Highness The Duke ok Connaught and Strathearn Governor-General of Canada (From the picture by Notman CANADA'S FUTURE WHAT SHE OFFERS AFTER THE WAR A Symposium of Official Opinion Edited By E. A. VICTOR THE MACMILIANS IN CANADA 47494 TORONTO: THE MACMILLAN COMPANY OF CANADA, LTD., AT ST. MARTIN'S HOUSE MCMXVI Copyright, Canada, 1916, Field-Marshal His Royal Highness THE DUKE OF CONNAUGHT & STRATHEARN, K.G.,K.T., K.P., G.M.B., G.C.S.I,, G.C.M.G., G.C.I.E., G.C.V.O.,P.C. Governor-General and Commander-in-Chief THIS BOOK IS, BY SPECIAL PERMISSION, RESPECTFULLY DEDICATED CONTENTS His Eoyal Highness The Duke of Connauqht - Frontispiece page Introduction #V) The Editor xiii. Canada's Outlook ^ The Hon. Sir George E. Foster ^ K.C.M.G., LL.D., M.P .' i Canada's Centuky N. W. EoweU, K.C., M.P.P 2 Canada's Cornucopia - . - . James Carruthers 5 (The Grain Industry) *0 Canada's FuTxmE Within the Em- >* Pi^ Major-General the Hon. Sir Sam Hughes, K.C.B., M.P 10 The - Fisherman 's Paradise - - C. W. Young 16 The - Ex-Soldier's Opportunity - The Hon. W. J. Eoche, M.D., M.P '.' 25 Possibilities for Peat Development Eugene Haanel, M.A., Ph D F.E.S.C '..'.' 27 The Call of Canada - - - - C. C. James, C.M.G., M.A., LL.D., F.E.S.C 38 I The Canadian Club - - j Movement Frank D. Adams, Ph.D., D.Sc, D.C.L., F.E.S., F.G.S., F.E.S.C., F.G.S.A 42 Labour Conditions in Canada After the War The Hon. T. W. Crothers, K.C., M.P 48 Canada's Mining Future - - - John McLeish, B.A., F.S.S 50 Public Trustees and Executors - Albert E. Holt 72 (Canadian Trust Companies and Their Future) The Future of the Live Stock Industry H. S. Arkell, M.A., B.S.A 80 The Educational Facilities op Canada President E. A. Falconer, C.M.G., M.A., LL.D., D.Litt 92 The Work of the Church in the Chancellor E. P. Bowles, M.A. Development - .' of Canada - - D.D., LL.D i02 The Highways op the Dominion - F. P. Gutelius, C.E., Sc.D Ill (The Future of Canadian Eailways) CONTENTS PAGE Through Canada foe Sport and Pleasure Frederic Yorston, B.A. ... 114 The Newcomers W. D. Scott 123 {What Canada Offers the Settler) The Dominion's Industrial Future Theo. H. Wardleworth, F.L.S.. 127 Preservation of National Assets - James White, C.E., F.R.G.S., (The Work of Conservation in Can- F.E.S.C 134 ada) The D-aieying Industry and Its Future J. A. Ruddick 142 Fire Insurance an Index to Pros- perity T. L. Morrisey ... 146 The Climate of Canada E. F. Stupart, F.E.S.C 151 Banks and Banking . - George Bum 158 Science and the Soil ... - Frank '^. Shutt, M.A., D.Sc, (The Influence of Chemistry on F.I.C., F.C.S., F.E.S.C 163 Agriculture) The Influence of Art and Litera- ture Bernard K. SandweU, B.A. 165 The Fisheries of Canada - - - The Hon. John D. Hazen, LL.D., K.C., M.P 170 The Imperial Home Ee-Union Move- ment Frank Wise, F.R.C.1 174 Canada's Black Diamonds - Alex. Dick 177 {The Dominion's Coal-Fields) Nova Scotia: Present and Future The Hon. G. H. Murray, K.C., LL.D., M.P.P 182 Prince Edward Island's Future The Hon. Benjamin Eogers . 193 New Brunswick : Its Eesources and Its Future The Hon. J. A. Murray, M.P.P. 195 The Old and the New . - - - The Hon. Walter MitcheU, {The Future of Quebec) M.P.P 200 Canada's Inland Seaport - The Editor 206 {Montreal and Its Ocean Traffic) The Canadian Asbestos Industry - E. Pothier Doucet, B.C.L 212 Apple Growing in Quebec - T. G. Bunting, B.S.A 219 Ontario's Future The Hon. W. H. Hearst, K.C., M.P.P 223 Opportunities in Ontario The Hon. G. Howard Ferguson, K.C., M.P.P 225 Cobalt and Porcupine Arthur A. Cole, M.A., B.Sc, M.E 229 CONTENTS XI page The Geeat Clay Belt - The Editor 235 Manitoba After the War - The Hon. T. C. Norris, M.P.P.. 240 The Future of Saskatchewan - The Hon. W. E. MotherweU, M.P.P 243 Alberta's Future .... The Hon. Arthur L. Sifton, LL.D., K.C., M.P.P 248 Making the Desert Bloom - J. S. Dennis, C.E., D.T.S 250 {The Wonders of Irrigation) The Alps of the New World - Arthur O.Wheeler, A.C.,F.E.G.S. 259 {Pleasures of Climbing the Cana- dian Moclcies) The Future of British Columbia - The Hon. Sir Eichard McBride, K.C.M.G., LL.D., K.C 275 Lumbering in the West - The Hon. Wm. E. Eoss, M.A,, K.G., M.P.P 279 Fruit Eanchinq in British Colum- bia J. J. Campbell 282 The Future of Mining in British Columbia S. S. Fowler, M.E 289 The Western Lumber Industry J. Hanbury 299 Pacific Coast Fisheries F. W. Wallace 303 {Prince Bupert and Its Future) Sub-Arctic Canada Alfred Thompson, M.D., M.P... 309 {What the Yukon Offers) Index 317 INTRODUCTION When, some years ago, I first heard the phrase, "The Twen- tieth Century is Canada's," it struck me as being excessive. Since then I have spent four years in the Dominion; years full of opportunities to study her truly wonderful resources, and the conclusion is borne in upon me that the man who coined that phrase was a prophetic thinker. If the apothegm was true before the war, it should be doubly so after. Africa is exceptionally rich in gold and diamonds; South America and Manchuria in copper; the United States in oil, coal, and iron-ore, while England has been described as "The Coal-cellar of the World/' but in no country known to civilization has Nature been so bountiful as to Canada, that tract of land measuring nearly three-and-three-quarter mil- lion square miles—about a third of the British Empire. One may well talk of her "broad acres," when there are nearly two billion three hundred and eighty seven millions of them! Literally millions of acres of the most perfect soil are simply waiting for the plough. Her enormous harvests can easily be trebled. In fact, with her uninterrupted "fat years," Canada already bids fair to become a modern Egypt, to which the world will turn for bread. It is no exaggeration to say that the vast mineral wealth of the country has scarcely been scratched; that wealth far beyond the dreams of avarice is just lying waiting to be developed. My statement as to Canada's potential greatness and her practically illimitable natural resources—which open up op- portunities in almost every phase of life—is no parrot cry; I speak of that which I know. That knowledge, too, is backed by experience accumulated in Great Britain, France, Bel- gium, Portugal, Africa, Germany, and Canada. The technical departments of the Canadian Governments have done—and are continuously doing—wonders, in the — xiv INTRODUCTION fields of Geological, Mineralogical, and Agricultural research, the benefits of which are available for the asking, to whom- soever is interested. The population of England and Wales exceeds five hundred people per square mile ; at one-quarter of that rate Canada would accommodate half a billion. Her most sanguine ex- pectations do not exceed a quarter of that number, so that one can always count on ample breathing space and to spare. With her vast area—huge tracts of which being still unsur- veyed—her present population does not exceed an average of two persons per section or square mile. This fact will doubtless appeal strongly to those of this and the next generation whose inclinations lead them to an open-air life, not the least of the many benefits of which is the close proximity to nature. "Jim" Cornwall, the well-known fur-trader, who has spent many years away up north in the region of the Mackenzie River basin, once told me that sleeping on the ground wrap- ped in his rug—with nothing between him and the high heavens, without a human being within sight or hearing he felt as though he could reach out and shake hands with God. The man who owns his farm, the "vested righter" who reaps the fruits of his own brain and brawn, makes for individual and national wealth. The citizen makes the nation, and from the national point of view this excerpt from Dickens' philosophy is worthy of record:—"In love of home, the love of country has its rise, and who are the truer patriots or the best in time of need—those who venerate the land, owning its wood, and stream, and earth, and all that they produce, or those who love their country, boasting not a foot of ground in all its wide domain ?" For many years "emigrating" from Great Britain and Ire- land largely meant settling in the United States.